Abstract
Activity-dependent neuroprotective protein (ADNP) is essential for brain formation and function. As such, de novo mutations in ADNP lead to the autistic ADNP syndrome and somatic ADNP mutations may drive Alzheimer’s disease (AD) tauopathy. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) is positively associated with aging, the major risk for AD. Here, we revealed two key interaction sites for ADNP and SIRT1. One, at the microtubule end-binding protein (EB1 and EB3) Tau level, with EB1/EB3 serving as amplifiers for microtubule dynamics, synapse formation, axonal transport, and protection against tauopathy. Two, on the DNA/chromatin site, with yin yang 1, histone deacetylase 2, and ADNP, sharing a DNA binding motif and regulating SIRT1, ADNP, and EB1 (MAPRE1). This interaction was linked to sex- and age-dependent altered histone modification, associated with ADNP/SIRT1/WD repeat-containing protein 5, which mediates the assembly of histone modification complexes. Single-cell RNA and protein expression analyses as well as gene expression correlations placed SIRT1–ADNP and either MAPRE1 (EB1), MAPRE3 (EB3), or both in the same mouse and human cell; however, while MAPRE1 seemed to be similarly regulated to ADNP and SIRT1, MAPRE3 seemed to deviate. Finally, we demonstrated an extremely tight correlation for the gene transcripts described above, including related gene products. This correlation was specifically abolished in affected postmortem AD and Parkinson’s disease brain select areas compared to matched controls, while being maintained in blood samples. Thus, we identified an ADNP–SIRT1 complex that may serve as a new target for the understanding of brain degeneration.
This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution
Relevant articles
Open Access articles citing this article.
-
Early maturation and hyperexcitability is a shared phenotype of cortical neurons derived from different ASD-associated mutations
Translational Psychiatry Open Access 06 July 2023
-
Chromatin remodeler Activity-Dependent Neuroprotective Protein (ADNP) contributes to syndromic autism
Clinical Epigenetics Open Access 21 March 2023
-
Proteomics of autism and Alzheimer’s mouse models reveal common alterations in mTOR signaling pathway
Translational Psychiatry Open Access 17 September 2021
Access options
Subscribe to this journal
Receive 12 print issues and online access
$259.00 per year
only $21.58 per issue
Rent or buy this article
Prices vary by article type
from$1.95
to$39.95
Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout





References
Pinhasov A, Mandel S, Torchinsky A, Giladi E, Pittel Z, Goldsweig AM, et al. Activity-dependent neuroprotective protein: a novel gene essential for brain formation. Brain Res Dev Brain Res. 2003;144:83–90.
Mandel S, Rechavi G, Gozes I. Activity-dependent neuroprotective protein (ADNP) differentially interacts with chromatin to regulate genes essential for embryogenesis. Dev Biol. 2007;303:814–24.
Bassan M, Zamostiano R, Davidson A, Pinhasov A, Giladi E, Perl O, et al. Complete sequence of a novel protein containing a femtomolar-activity-dependent neuroprotective peptide. J Neurochem. 1999;72:1283–93.
Zamostiano R, Pinhasov A, Gelber E, Steingart RA, Seroussi E, Giladi E, et al. Cloning and characterization of the human activity-dependent neuroprotective protein. J Biol Chem. 2001;276:708–14.
Mandel S, Gozes I. Activity-dependent neuroprotective protein constitutes a novel element in the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex. J Biol Chem. 2007;282:34448–56.
Mosch K, Franz H, Soeroes S, Singh PB, Fischle W. HP1 recruits activity-dependent neuroprotective protein to H3K9me3 marked pericentromeric heterochromatin for silencing of major satellite repeats. PloS One. 2011;6:e15894.
Ostapcuk V, Mohn F, Carl SH, Basters A, Hess D, Iesmantavicius V, et al. Activity-dependent neuroprotective protein recruits HP1 and CHD4 to control lineage-specifying genes. Nature. 2018;557:739–43.
Sun X, Yu W, Li L, Sun Y. ADNP controls gene expression through local chromatin architecture by association with BRG1 and CHD4. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2020;8:553.
Mandel S, Spivak-Pohis I, Gozes I. ADNP differential nucleus/cytoplasm localization in neurons suggests multiple roles in neuronal differentiation and maintenance. J Mol Neurosci. 2008;35:127–41.
Oz S, Kapitansky O, Ivashco-Pachima Y, Malishkevich A, Giladi E, Skalka N, et al. The NAP motif of activity-dependent neuroprotective protein (ADNP) regulates dendritic spines through microtubule end binding proteins. Mol Psychiatry. 2014;19:1115–24.
Hacohen-Kleiman G, Sragovich S, Karmon G, Gao AYL, Grigg I, Pasmanik-Chor M, et al. Activity-dependent neuroprotective protein deficiency models synaptic and developmental phenotypes of autism-like syndrome. J Clin Investig. 2018;128:4956–69.
Amram N, Hacohen-Kleiman G, Sragovich S, Malishkevich A, Katz J, Touloumi O, et al. Sexual divergence in microtubule function: the novel intranasal microtubule targeting SKIP normalizes axonal transport and enhances memory. Mol Psychiatry. 2016;21:1467–76.
Ivashko-Pachima Y, Sayas CL, Malishkevich A, Gozes I. ADNP/NAP dramatically increase microtubule end-binding protein-Tau interaction: a novel avenue for protection against tauopathy. Mol Psychiatry. 2017;22:1335–44.
Grigg I, Ivashko-Pachima Y, Hait TA, Korenková V, Touloumi O, Lagoudaki R, et al. Tauopathy in the young autistic brain: novel biomarker and therapeutic target. Transl Psychiatry. 2020;10:228.
Ivashko-Pachima Y, Hadar A, Grigg I, Korenková V, Kapitansky O, Karmon G, et al. Discovery of autism/intellectual disability somatic mutations in Alzheimer’s brains: mutated ADNP cytoskeletal impairments and repair as a case study. Mol Psychiatry. 2019.
Vulih-Shultzman I, Pinhasov A, Mandel S, Grigoriadis N, Touloumi O, Pittel Z, et al. Activity-dependent neuroprotective protein snippet NAP reduces tau hyperphosphorylation and enhances learning in a novel transgenic mouse model. J Pharmacol Exp Therap. 2007;323:438–49.
Banerjee B, Kestner CA, Stukenberg PT. EB1 enables spindle microtubules to regulate centromeric recruitment of Aurora B. J Cell Biol. 2014;204:947–63.
Van Dijck A, Vulto-van Silfhout AT, Cappuyns E, van der Werf IM, Mancini GM, Tzschach A. et al. Clinical presentation of a complex neurodevelopmental disorder caused by mutations in ADNP. Biol Psychiatry. 2019;85:287–97.
Helsmoortel C, Vulto-van Silfhout AT, Coe BP, Vandeweyer G, Rooms L, van den Ende J. et al. A SWI/SNF-related autism syndrome caused by de novo mutations in ADNP. Nat Genet. 2014;46:380–4.
Braitch M, Kawabe K, Nyirenda M, Gilles LJ, Robins RA, Gran B, et al. Expression of activity-dependent neuroprotective protein in the immune system: possible functions and relevance to multiple sclerosis. Neuroimmunomodulation. 2010;17:120–5.
Malishkevich A, Marshall GA, Schultz AP, Sperling RA, Aharon-Peretz J, Gozes I. Blood-borne activity-dependent neuroprotective protein (ADNP) is correlated with premorbid intelligence, clinical stage, and Alzheimer’s disease biomarkers. J Alzheimer’s Dis. 2016;50:249–60.
Hadar A, Milanesi E, Walczak M, Puzianowska-Kuznicka M, Kuznicki J, Squassina A, et al. SIRT1, miR-132 and miR-212 link human longevity to Alzheimer’s Disease. Sci Rep. 2018;8:8465.
Min SW, Cho SH, Zhou Y, Schroeder S, Haroutunian V, Seeley WW, et al. Acetylation of tau inhibits its degradation and contributes to tauopathy. Neuron. 2010;67:953–66.
Min SW, Sohn PD, Cho SH, Swanson RA, Gan L. Sirtuins in neurodegenerative diseases: an update on potential mechanisms. Front Aging Neurosci. 2013;5:53.
Merenlender-Wagner A, Malishkevich A, Shemer Z, Udawela M, Gibbons A, Scarr E, et al. Autophagy has a key role in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Mol Psychiatry. 2015;20:126–32.
Esteves AR, Gozes I, Cardoso SM. The rescue of microtubule-dependent traffic recovers mitochondrial function in Parkinson’s disease. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2014;1842:7–21.
Yanagisawa S, Baker JR, Vuppusetty C, Koga T, Colley T, Fenwick P, et al. The dynamic shuttling of SIRT1 between cytoplasm and nuclei in bronchial epithelial cells by single and repeated cigarette smoke exposure. PloS One. 2018;13:e0193921.
Huang R, Xu Y, Wan W, Shou X, Qian J, You Z, et al. Deacetylation of nuclear LC3 drives autophagy initiation under starvation. Mol Cell. 2015;57:456–66.
Kuno A, Horio Y. SIRT1: a novel target for the treatment of muscular dystrophies. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2016;2016:6714686.
Chen Y, Zhang H, Xu Z, Tang H, Geng A, Cai B, et al. A PARP1-BRG1-SIRT1 axis promotes HR repair by reducing nucleosome density at DNA damage sites. Nucleic Acids Res. 2019;47:8563–80.
Wang G, Fu Y, Hu F, Lan J, Xu F, Yang X, et al. Loss of BRG1 induces CRC cell senescence by regulating p53/p21 pathway. Cell Death Dis. 2017;8:e2607.
Xu RY, Xu XW, Deng YZ, Ma ZX, Li XR, Zhao L, et al. Resveratrol attenuates myocardial hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced cell apoptosis through DJ-1-mediated SIRT1-p53 pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2019;514:401–6.
Eubanks CG, Dayebgadoh G, Liu X, Washburn MP. Unravelling the biology of chromatin in health and cancer using proteomic approaches. Expert Rev Proteom. 2017;14:905–15.
Wu S, Ge Y, Huang L, Liu H, Xue Y, Zhao Y. BRG1, the ATPase subunit of SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex, interacts with HDAC2 to modulate telomerase expression in human cancer cells. Cell Cycle. 2014;13:2869–78.
Du L, Qian X, Li Y, Li XZ, He LL, Xu L, et al. Sirt1 inhibits renal tubular cell epithelial-mesenchymal transition through YY1 deacetylation in diabetic nephropathy. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2020;42:242–51.
Yao YL, Yang WM, Seto E. Regulation of transcription factor YY1 by acetylation and deacetylation. Mol Cell Biol. 2001;21:5979–91.
Vatine GD, Al-Ahmad A, Barriga BK, Svendsen S, Salim A, Garcia L, et al. Modeling psychomotor retardation using iPSCs from MCT8-deficient patients indicates a prominent role for the blood-brain barrier. Cell Stem Cell. 2017;20:831–43.e835.
Davenport AM, Huber FM, Hoelz A. Structural and functional analysis of human SIRT1. J Mol Biol. 2014;426:526–41.
Bjelic S, De Groot CO, Scharer MA, Jaussi R, Bargsten K, Salzmann M, et al. Interaction of mammalian end binding proteins with CAP-Gly domains of CLIP-170 and p150(glued). J Struct Biol. 2012;177:160–7.
Honnappa S, Gouveia SM, Weisbrich A, Damberger FF, Bhavesh NS, Jawhari H, et al. An EB1-binding motif acts as a microtubule tip localization signal. Cell. 2009;138:366–76.
Schneidman-Duhovny D, Inbar Y, Nussinov R, Wolfson HJ. PatchDock and SymmDock: servers for rigid and symmetric docking. Nucleic Acids Res. 2005;33:W363–7. Web Server issue
Mashiach E, Schneidman-Duhovny D, Andrusier N, Nussinov R, Wolfson HJ. FireDock: a web server for fast interaction refinement in molecular docking. Nucleic Acids Res. 2008;36:W229–32. Web Server issue
Andrusier N, Nussinov R, Wolfson HJ. FireDock: fast interaction refinement in molecular docking. Proteins. 2007;69:139–59.
Wang C, Bradley P, Baker D. Protein-protein docking with backbone flexibility. J Mol Biol. 2007;373:503–19.
Nowakowski TJ, Bhaduri A, Pollen AA, Alvarado B, Mostajo-Radji MA, Di Lullo E, et al. Spatiotemporal gene expression trajectories reveal developmental hierarchies of the human cortex. Science. 2017;358:1318–23.
Yan L, Yang M, Guo H, Yang L, Wu J, Li R, et al. Single-cell RNA-Seq profiling of human preimplantation embryos and embryonic stem cells. Nat Struct Mol Biol. 2013;20:1131–9.
Papatheodorou I, Moreno P, Manning J, Fuentes AM-P, George N, Fexova S, et al. Expression Atlas update: from tissues to single cells. Nucleic Acids Res. 2019;48:D77–83.
Battle A, Brown CD, Engelhardt BE, Montgomery SB. Genetic effects on gene expression across human tissues. Nature. 2017;550:204–13.
Malishkevich A, Amram N, Hacohen-Kleiman G, Magen I, Giladi E, Gozes I. Activity-dependent neuroprotective protein (ADNP) exhibits striking sexual dichotomy impacting on autistic and Alzheimer’s pathologies. Transl Psychiatry. 2015;5:e501.
Wang J, Zhuang J, Iyer S, Lin X-Y, Greven MC, Kim B-H, et al. Factorbook. org: a Wiki-based database for transcription factor-binding data generated by the ENCODE consortium. Nucleic Acids Res. 2012;41:D171–6.
Sunkin SM, Ng L, Lau C, Dolbeare T, Gilbert TL, Thompson CL, et al. Allen Brain Atlas: an integrated spatio-temporal portal for exploring the central nervous system. Nucleic Acids Res. 2012;41:D996–1008.
Zheng R, Wan C, Mei S, Qin Q, Wu Q, Sun H, et al. Cistrome Data Browser: expanded datasets and new tools for gene regulatory analysis. Nucleic Acids Res. 2019;47:D729–35.
Li D, Hsu S, Purushotham D, Sears RL, Wang T. WashU epigenome browser update 2019. Nucleic Acids Res. 2019;47:W158–W65.
Sood S, Gallagher IJ, Lunnon K, Rullman E, Keohane A, Crossland H, et al. A novel multi-tissue RNA diagnostic of healthy ageing relates to cognitive health status. Genome Biol. 2015;16:185.
Dinkel H, Van Roey K, Michael S, Kumar M, Uyar B, Altenberg B, et al. ELM 2016-data update and new functionality of the eukaryotic linear motif resource. Nucleic Acids Res. 2016;44:D294–300.
Patel A, Dharmarajan V, Vought VE, Cosgrove MS. On the mechanism of multiple lysine methylation by the human mixed lineage leukemia protein-1 (MLL1) core complex. J Biol Chem. 2009;284:24242–56.
Cai Y, Jin J, Swanson SK, Cole MD, Choi SH, Florens L, et al. Subunit composition and substrate specificity of a MOF-containing histone acetyltransferase distinct from the male-specific lethal (MSL) complex. J Biol Chem. 2010;285:4268–72.
Vaisburd S, Shemer Z, Yeheskel A, Giladi E, Gozes I. Risperidone and NAP protect cognition and normalize gene expression in a schizophrenia mouse model. Sci Rep. 2015;5:16300.
Manosalva I, Gonzalez A. Aging changes the chromatin configuration and histone methylation of mouse oocytes at germinal vesicle stage. Theriogenology. 2010;74:1539–47.
Aboonq MS, Vasiliou SA, Haddley K, Quinn JP, Bubb VJ. Activity-dependent neuroprotective protein modulates its own gene expression. J Mol Neurosci. 2012;46:33–39.
Dai Y, Chen T, Ijaz H, Cho EH, Steinberg MH. SIRT1 activates the expression of fetal hemoglobin genes. Am J Hematol. 2017;92:1177–86.
Gao J, Wang WY, Mao YW, Graff J, Guan JS, Pan L, et al. A novel pathway regulates memory and plasticity via SIRT1 and miR-134. Nature. 2010;466:1105–9.
Dresner E, Malishkevich A, Arviv C, Leibman Barak S, Alon S, Ofir R, et al. Novel evolutionary-conserved role for the activity-dependent neuroprotective protein (ADNP) family that is important for erythropoiesis. J Biol Chem. 2012;287:40173–85.
Liang WS, Dunckley T, Beach TG, Grover A, Mastroeni D, Walker DG, et al. Gene expression profiles in anatomically and functionally distinct regions of the normal aged human brain. Physiol Genomics. 2007;28:311–22.
Valdés Hernández MdC, Reid S, Mikhael S, Pernet C. Do 2-year changes in superior frontal gyrus and global brain atrophy affect cognition? Alzheimers Dement (Amst). 2018;10:706–16.
Roth D, Fitton BP, Chmel NP, Wasiluk N, Straube A. Spatial positioning of EB family proteins at microtubule tips involves distinct nucleotide-dependent binding properties. J Cell Sci. 2018;132:jcs219550.
Sayas CL, Medina M, Cuadros R, Ollá I, García E, Pérez M, et al. Role of tau N-terminal motif in the secretion of human tau by End Binding proteins. PloS One. 2019;14:e0210864.
Sragovich S, Ziv Y, Vaisvaser S, Shomron N, Hendler T, Gozes I. The autism-mutated ADNP plays a key role in stress response. Transl Psychiatry. 2019;9:235.
Konar A, Rastogi M, Bhambri A. Brain region specific methylation and Sirt1 binding changes in MAOA promoter is associated with sexual dimorphism in early life stress induced aggressive behavior. Neurochemistry Int. 2019;129:104510.
Abe M, Tsai SY, Jin S-G, Pfeifer GP, Szabó PE. Sex-specific dynamics of global chromatin changes in fetal mouse germ cells. PloS One. 2011;6:e23848.
Tatehana M, Kimura R, Mochizuki K, Inada H, Osumi N. Comprehensive histochemical profiles of histone modification in male germline cells during meiosis and spermiogenesis: Comparison of young and aged testes in mice. PloS One. 2020;15:e0230930.
Mohapatra S, Chakraborty T, Shimizu S, Ohta K, Nagahama Y, Ohta K. Estrogen and estrogen receptors chauffeur the sex-biased autophagic action in liver. Cell Death Differ. 2020;27:3117–30.
Ferrari R, de Llobet Cucalon LI, Di Vona C, Le Dilly F, Vidal E, Lioutas A, et al. TFIIIC binding to Alu elements controls gene expression via chromatin looping and histone acetylation. Mol Cell. 2020;77:475.e411.
Breen MS, Garg P, Tang L, Mendonca D, Levy T, Barbosa M, et al. Episignatures stratifying Helsmoortel-Van Der Aa Syndrome show modest correlation with phenotype. Am J Hum Genet. 2020;107:555–63.
Wang L, Shi FX, Li N, Cao Y, Lei Y, Wang JZ, et al. AMPK ameliorates tau acetylation and memory impairment through Sirt1. Mol Neurobiol. 2020;57:5011–25.
Theendakara V, Peters-Libeu CA, Spilman P, Poksay KS, Bredesen DE, Rao RV. Direct transcriptional effects of apolipoprotein E. J Neurosci. 2016;36:685–700.
Szymanska M, Manthe S, Shrestha K, Girsh E, Harlev A, Kisliouk T, et al. Sirtuin-1 inhibits endothelin-2 expression in human granulosa-lutein cells via hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha and epigenetic modifications. Biol Reprod. 2021;104:387–98.
Acknowledgements
This work was partially supported by the following grants (IG): European Research Area Network (ERA-NET) Neuron ADNPinMED, the US–Israel Binational Science Foundation—US National Science Foundation (BSF-NSF 2016746), the Alberto Moscona Nisim (AMN) Foundation for the Advancement of Science, Art and Culture in Israel, as well as by Drs. Ronith and Armand Stemmer and Arthur Gerbi (French Friends of Tel Aviv University) and Anne and Alex Cohen (Canadian Friends of Tel Aviv University). OK and SS were supported by the Israeli BioInnovators Fellowship and Mentorship by Teva. SS is a former Levi Eshkol fellow supported by the Israel Ministry of Science and Technology, and a former awardee of the Tel Aviv University GRTF and The Naomi Foundation, as well as The Eldee Foundation/Bloomfield Family of Montreal awards for student exchange (Tel Aviv University/McGill University). YI-P was supported in part by the Aufzien Family Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Parkinson’s Disease (APPD) postdoctoral fellowship. This work is in partial fulfillment of OK and MG (PhD) and AL (MSc), respective thesis requirements at the Dr. Miriam and Sheldon G. Adelson Graduate School of Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University. We thank Gal Hacohen-Kleiman and Gidon Karmon for their help with Adnp+/– mouse colony as well as Prof. Rina Meidan and Jackson Sapuleni for the AB_2285964 SIRT1 validation antibodies.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
NAP (CP201) use is under patent protection (US patent nos. US7960334, US8618043, US10912819) and provisional patent applications, Ramot at Tel Aviv University.
Additional information
Publisher’s note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Supplementary information
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Hadar, A., Kapitansky, O., Ganaiem, M. et al. Introducing ADNP and SIRT1 as new partners regulating microtubules and histone methylation. Mol Psychiatry 26, 6550–6561 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-021-01143-9
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-021-01143-9
This article is cited by
-
Chromatin remodeler Activity-Dependent Neuroprotective Protein (ADNP) contributes to syndromic autism
Clinical Epigenetics (2023)
-
Early maturation and hyperexcitability is a shared phenotype of cortical neurons derived from different ASD-associated mutations
Translational Psychiatry (2023)
-
SH3- and actin-binding domains connect ADNP and SHANK3, revealing a fundamental shared mechanism underlying autism
Molecular Psychiatry (2022)
-
Oral microbiota signatures in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) veterans
Molecular Psychiatry (2022)
-
From the Desk of the Editor‑in‑Chief: Excerpts from the Society for Neurochemistry (ESN) Future Perspectives for European Neurochemistry Highlighting the Symposium Asking “Autism, Epilepsy, Intellectual Disability Where Do These All Meet?”
Journal of Molecular Neuroscience (2022)