This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution
Access options
Subscribe to this journal
Receive 12 print issues and online access
$259.00 per year
only $21.58 per issue
Rent or buy this article
Prices vary by article type
from$1.95
to$39.95
Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout


References
Jackson J, Jambrina E, Li J, Marston H, Menzies F, Phillips K, et al. Targeting the synapse in Alzheimer’s disease. Front Neurosci. 2019;13:735.
Nguyen M, Krainc D. LRRK2 phosphorylation of auxilin mediates synaptic defects in dopaminergic neurons from patients with Parkinson’s disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2018;115:5576–81.
Morimura N, Yasuda H, Yamaguchi K, Katayama KI, Hatayama M, Tomioka NH, et al. Autism-like behaviours and enhanced memory formation and synaptic plasticity in Lrfn2/SALM1-deficient mice. Nat Commun. 2017;8:15800.
Südhof TC. Towards an understanding of synapse formation. Neuron. 2018;100:276–93.
Petanjek Z, Judaš M, Šimic G, Rasin MR, Uylings HBM, Rakic P, et al. Extraordinary neoteny of synaptic spines in the human prefrontal cortex. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2011;108:13281–6.
Huttenlocher PR, De Courten C, Garey LJ, Van, der Loos H. Synaptic development in human cerebral cortex. Int J Neurol. 1982;16–17:144–54.
Bourgeois JP, Rakic P. Changes of synaptic density in the primary visual cortex of the macaque monkey from fetal to adult stage. J Neurosci. 1993;13:2801–20.
Venkatesh HS, Morishita W, Geraghty AC, Silverbush D, Gillespie SM, Arzt M, et al. Electrical and synaptic integration of glioma into neural circuits. Nature. 2019;573:539–45.
Venkataramani V, Tanev DI, Strahle C, Studier-Fischer A, Fankhauser L, Kessler T, et al. Glutamatergic synaptic input to glioma cells drives brain tumour progression. Nature. 2019;573:532–8.
Singh SK, Hawkins C, Clarke ID, Squire JA, Bayani J, Hide T, et al. Identification of human brain tumour initiating cells. Nature. 2004;432:396–401.
Daou MC, Smith TW, Litofsky NS, Hsieh CC, Ross AH. Doublecortin is preferentially expressed in invasive human brain tumors. Acta Neuropathol. 2005;110:472–80.
Brehar FM, Gafencu AV, Trusca VG, Fuior EV, Arsene D, Amaireh M, et al. Preferential association of lissencephaly-1 gene expression with CD133+ glioblastoma cells. J Cancer. 2017;8:1284–91.
Ortensi B, Setti M, Osti D, Pelicci G. Cancer stem cell contribution to glioblastoma invasiveness. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2013;4:18.
Venkatesh HS, Johung TB, Caretti V, Noll A, Tang Y, Nagaraja S, et al. Neuronal activity promotes glioma growth through neuroligin-3 secretion. Cell. 2015;161:803–16.
Venkatesh HS, Tam LT, Woo PJ, Lennon J, Nagaraja S, Gillespie SM, et al. Targeting neuronal activity-regulated neuroligin-3 dependency in high-grade glioma. Nature. 2017;549:533–7.
Singh SK, Clarke ID, Hide T, Dirks PB. Cancer stem cells in nervous system tumors. Oncogene. 2004;23:7267–73.
Diamandis P, Wildenhain J, Clarke ID, Sacher AG, Graham J, Bellows DS, et al. Chemical genetics reveals a complex functional ground state of neural stem cells. Nat Chem Biol. 2007;3:268–73.
Diamandis P, Sacher AG, Tyers M, Dirks PB. New drugs for brain tumors? Insights from chemical probing of neural stem cells. Med Hypotheses. 2009;72:683–7.
Cavalli FMG, Remke M, Rampasek L, Peacock J, Shih DJH, Luu B, et al. Intertumoral heterogeneity within medulloblastoma subgroups. Cancer Cell. 2017;31:737–754.e6.
Ribatti D. The discovery of the placental growth factor and its role in angiogenesis: a historical review. Angiogenesis. 2008;11:215–21.
Li Y, Muffat J, Omer A, Bosch I, Lancaster MA, Sur M, et al. Induction of expansion and folding in human cerebral organoids. Cell Stem Cell. 2017;20:385–396.e3.
Weiland A, Wang Y, Wu W, Lan X, Han X, Li Q, et al. Ferroptosis and its role in diverse brain diseases. Mol Neurobiol. 2019;56:4880–93.
Hambright WS, Fonseca RS, Chen L, Na R, Ran Q. Ablation of ferroptosis regulator glutathione peroxidase 4 in forebrain neurons promotes cognitive impairment and neurodegeneration. Redox Biol. 2017;12:8–17.
Li Q, Han X, Lan X, Gao Y, Wan J, Durham F, et al. Inhibition of neuronal ferroptosis protects hemorrhagic brain. JCI Insight. 2017;2:e90777.
Dixon SJ, Lemberg KM, Lamprecht MR, Skouta R, Zaitsev EM, Gleason CE, et al. Ferroptosis: an iron-dependent form of nonapoptotic cell death. Cell. 2012;149:1060–72.
Seano G, Primo L. Podosomes and invadopodia: tools to breach vascular basement membrane. Cell Cycle. 2015;14:1370–4.
Murphy DA, Courtneidge SA. The ‘ins’ and ‘outs’ of podosomes and invadopodia: characteristics, formation and function. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2011;12:413–26.
Sheng M, Kim E. The postsynaptic organization of synapses. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2011;3:a005678.
Südhof TC. The presynaptic active zone. Neuron 2012;75:11–25.
Chubykin AA, Liu X, Comoletti D, Tsigelny I, Taylor P, Südhof TC. Dissection of synapse induction by neuroligins: effect of a neuroligin mutation associated with autism. J Biol Chem. 2005;280:22365–74.
Verhage M, Maia AS, Plomp JJ, Brussaard AB, Heeroma JH, Vermeer H, et al. Synaptic assembly of the brain in the absence of neurotransmitter secretion. Science. 2000;287:864–9.
Sando R, Bushong E, Zhu Y, Huang M, Considine C, Phan S, et al. Assembly of excitatory synapses in the absence of glutamatergic neurotransmission. Neuron. 2017;94:312–321.e3.
Sigler A, Oh WC, Imig C, Altas B, Kawabe H, Cooper BH, et al. Formation and maintenance of functional spines in the absence of presynaptic glutamate release. Neuron. 2017;94:304–311.e4.
Zhou Y, Hu P, Jiang J. Metabolite characterization of a novel sedative drug, remimazolam in human plasma and urine using ultra high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with synapt high-definition mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2017;137:78–83.
Saunders NR, Dziegielewska KM, Møllgård K, Habgood MD. Physiology and molecular biology of barrier mechanisms in the fetal and neonatal brain. J Physiol. 2018;596:5723–56.
Zeisel A, Hochgerner H, Lönnerberg P, Johnsson A, Memic F, van der Zwan J, et al. Molecular architecture of the mouse nervous system. Cell. 2018;174:999–1014.e22.
Djuric U, Rodrigues DC, Batruch I, Ellis J, Shannon P, Diamandis P. Spatiotemporal proteomic profiling of human cerebral development. Mol Cell Proteom. 2017;16:1548–62.
Djuric U, Lam KHB, Kao J, Batruch I, Jevtic S, Papaioannou M-D, et al. Defining protein pattern differences among molecular subtypes of diffuse gliomas using mass spectrometry. Mol Cell Proteomics. 2019:2029–43.
Grenier K, Kao J, Diamandis P. Three-dimensional modeling of human neurodegeneration: brain organoids coming of age. Mol Psychiatry. 2019; 25:254–74.
Lim-Fat MJ, Wen PY. Glioma progression through synaptic activity. Nat Rev Neurol. 2020;16:6–7.
Acknowledgements
UD received stipend support from the Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology Program at the University of Toronto and a Canadian Cancer Society Innovation Grant. PD receives funding support from the Princess Margaret Cancer Foundation, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Canadian Cancer Society Innovation Fund and The Terry Fox New Investigator Awards Program. We thank Dr Vuk Stambolic for helpful discussions.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Additional information
Publisher’s note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Malcolm, J., Fiala, C., Djuric, U. et al. Can gliomas provide insights into promoting synaptogenesis?. Mol Psychiatry 25, 1920–1925 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-020-0795-4
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-020-0795-4