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Genetic variants in the bipolar disorder risk locus SYNE1 that affect CPG2 expression and protein function

Molecular Psychiatry volume 26, pages 508–523 (2021)Cite this article

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Abstract

Bipolar disorder (BD) is a common mood disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of mania and depression. Both genetic and environmental factors have been implicated in BD etiology, but the biological underpinnings remain elusive. Recently, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of neuropsychiatric disorders have identified a risk locus for BD containing the SYNE1 gene, a large gene encoding multiple proteins. The BD association signal spans, almost exclusively, the part of SYNE1 encoding CPG2, a brain-specific protein localized to excitatory postsynaptic sites, where it regulates glutamate receptor internalization. Here we show that CPG2 protein levels are significantly decreased in postmortem brain tissue from BD patients, as compared to control subjects, as well as schizophrenia and depression patients. We identify genetic variants within the postmortem brains that map to the CPG2 promoter region, and show that they negatively affect gene expression. We also identify missense single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in CPG2 coding regions that affect CPG2 expression, localization, and synaptic function. Our findings link genetic variation in the CPG2 region of SYNE1 with a mechanism for glutamatergic synapse dysfunction that could underlie susceptibility to BD in some individuals. Few GWAS hits in human genetics for neuropsychiatric disorders to date have afforded such mechanistic clues. Further, the potential for genetic distinction of susceptibility to BD from other neuropsychiatric disorders with overlapping clinical traits holds promise for improved diagnostics and treatment of this devastating illness.

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Acknowledgements

Human postmortem brain tissue samples were generously provided by the Stanley Medical Research Institute neuropathology collection, Massachusetts Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center (funding source: P50 AG005134) and NIH Neurobiobank with contributions from Harvard Brain Tissue Resource Center, Mount Sinai NIH Brain & Tissue Repository and University of Maryland Brain & Tissue Bank. We acknowledge Picower Institute for Learning and Memory Staff Bioinformatician, Fan Gao, for invaluable help with bioinformatics and statistical analyses. Furthermore, we acknowledge Drs. Jeffrey Cottrell and Dennis Lal at the Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, and our colleagues in the Nedivi Laboratory for valuable input and editing of the manuscript. The work was funded by the Jeffry M. and Barbara Picower Foundation (E.N.), The Gail Steel Fund (E.N.), the Carlsberg Foundation (M.R.), Lundbeck Foundation (M.R.), and the Danish Council for Independent Research (M.R.).

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  1. The Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA

    Mette Rathje, Hannah Waxman, Marc Benoit, Prasad Tammineni, Sven Loebrich & Elly Nedivi

  2. Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA

    Costin Leu

  3. Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA

    Costin Leu

  4. Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK

    Costin Leu

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  1. Mette Rathje
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Rathje, M., Waxman, H., Benoit, M. et al. Genetic variants in the bipolar disorder risk locus SYNE1 that affect CPG2 expression and protein function. Mol Psychiatry 26, 508–523 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-018-0314-z

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