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The role of adult hippocampal neurogenesis in brain health and disease

Abstract

Adult neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus is highly regulated by a number of environmental and cell-intrinsic factors to adapt to environmental changes. Accumulating evidence suggests that adult-born neurons may play distinct physiological roles in hippocampus-dependent functions, such as memory encoding and mood regulation. In addition, several brain diseases, such as neurological diseases and mood disorders, have deleterious effects on adult hippocampal neurogenesis, and some symptoms of those diseases can be partially explained by the dysregulation of adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Here we review a possible link between the physiological functions of adult-born neurons and their roles in pathological conditions.

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Acknowledgements

We thank M. L. Gage for comments on the manuscript, V. Mertens for the illustrations and Dr. Abed Al Fattah Mansour for discussion. This work was supported by NIH R01 MH095741, NIH U01 MH106882, The G. Harold and Leila Y. Mathers Charitable Foundation, The Leona M. and Harry B. Helmsley Charitable Trust (grant #2012-PG-MED00), Annette C. Merle-Smith, JPB Foundation and The McKnight Foundation. T.T. was supported by JSPS and the Kanae Foundation.

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Toda, T., Parylak, S.L., Linker, S.B. et al. The role of adult hippocampal neurogenesis in brain health and disease. Mol Psychiatry 24, 67–87 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-018-0036-2

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