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Stem cell transplantation

Salvage second transplantation in relapsed multiple myeloma

Leukemia volume 35, pages 1214–1217 (2021)Cite this article

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Even in the era of these newer drugs, upfront autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHCT) continues to confer benefits and remains a preferred strategy in transplant-eligible multiple myeloma (MM) patients [1]. Despite these effective interventions, MM invariably relapses after a period. The treatment landscape in relapsed MM continues to change with the introduction of several new agents. A second salvage AHCT (AHCT2) is another option for MM relapsing after a prior autotransplant. However, its use varies widely given the lack of modern randomized studies, and the availability of several different options in this therapeutic space [2]. We sought to assess the contemporary utility, safety, and clinical benefits of AHCT2 using the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research® (CIBMTR®) data.

Patients who underwent AHCT2 for MM between 2010 and 2015 in the US and Canada after relapse from first AHCT1 were included. Patients who received tandem transplants or an allogeneic transplant, who relapsed within 24 months after AHCT1, progressive disease at the time of AHCT2, and on dialysis were excluded (Supplementary Table 1).

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Fig. 1: Outcomes after Salvage Autologous Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Hematology/Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA

    Binod Dhakal, Anita D’Souza, Ariel Kleman, Saurabh Chhabra & Parameswaran Hari

  2. Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Arkansas, Little Rock, AR, USA

    Meera Mohan

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  1. Binod Dhakal
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Correspondence to Binod Dhakal.

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Conflict of interest

BD has served on the advisory board of Takeda, Amgen, and Jansen. He has received honorarium from Celgene. AD has received research support from Sanofi, Mundipharma EDO, TeneoBio, and Takeda. She has received consultancy fees from Pfizer, Imbrium, Akcea, and Janssen.

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Dhakal, B., D’Souza, A., Kleman, A. et al. Salvage second transplantation in relapsed multiple myeloma. Leukemia 35, 1214–1217 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41375-020-1005-8

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