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Acute myeloid leukemia

Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation compared to chemotherapy consolidation in older acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients 60–75 years in first complete remission (CR1): an alliance (A151509), SWOG, ECOG-ACRIN, and CIBMTR study

Leukemia volume 33, pages 2599–2609 (2019)Cite this article

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Abstract

The preferred post-remission therapy for older patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in first complete remission (CR1) remains uncertain. In this retrospective, multicenter study, we compared the outcomes for older AML patients (age 60–77 years) receiving allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (alloHCT) (n = 431) with those treated on prospective National Clinical Trials Network induction and nontransplantation chemotherapy (CT) consolidation trials (n = 211). AlloHCT patients were younger (median age: 64.2 versus 67.9 years, p < 0.001), but more frequently had high-risk AML (high WBC, secondary AML, and unfavorable cytogenetics). Overall survival (OS) was worse in alloHCT during the first 9 months after CR1 (HR = 1.52, p = 0.02), but was significantly better thereafter (HR = 0.53, p < 0.0001) relative to CT. Treatment-related mortality (TRM) following HCT was worse in the first 9 months (HR = 2.8, 95% CI: 1.5–5.2, p = 0.0009), while post-HCT relapse was significantly less frequent beyond 9 months (HR = 0.42, 95% CI: 0.29–0.61, p < 0.0001). Despite higher early TRM, alloHCT recipients had superior long-term OS [29% (24–34%) versus CT 13.8% (9–21%) at 5 years]. Although this is a retrospective analysis with potential biases, it indicates that alloHCT led to heightened early risks from TRM, yet reduced relapse and superior long-term survival relative to CT in older AML patients in CR1.

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Acknowledgements

We express our deepest appreciation to the late A H who contributed to this work from inception to the first draft of the paper. We are forever indebted to her efforts. Research reported in this publication was supported by the National Cancer Institute of the National Institutes of Health under the award number UG1CA189823 to the Alliance for Clinical Trials in Oncology NCORP Research Base (Jan C. Buckner, M.D., contact PI). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health. Other grant award numbers are as follows: U10CA180819, CA180820, CA180794, CA180790, and CA180791.

Author contributions

CU and AA conceived the idea, searched literature, analyzed the data, wrote and edited the manuscript. JLR, BM, ES, HLW, MJZ, and DJW collected data, analyzed data, wrote and edited the manuscript. RS, RAL, AH, TCS, MDL, AJW, HPE, MST, FA, CDB, MO, JML, SC, GM, KM, BS, ECA, ML, and ZS helped data collection, wrote and edited the manuscript. SN, GJR, GLU, JMF, LDC, and AJ were the principal investigators of the relevant cooperative group studies, and wrote and edited the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA

    Celalettin Ustun & Daniel J. Weisdorf

  2. Division of Hematology, Oncology and Cellular Therapy, Rush University, Chicago, IL, USA

    Celalettin Ustun

  3. Department of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA

    Jennifer Le-Rademacher

  4. CIBMTR (Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research), Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA

    Hai-Lin Wang, Mei-Jie Zhang & Daniel J. Weisdorf

  5. Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA

    Megan Othus

  6. Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA

    Zhuoxin Sun

  7. Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA

    Brittny Major

  8. Alliance Statistics and Data Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA

    Elizabeth Storrick

  9. Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA

    Jacqueline M. Lafky & Aminah Jatoi

  10. University of Chicago Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, IL, USA

    Selina Chow

  11. The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA

    Krzysztof Mrózek

  12. Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA

    Eyal C. Attar

  13. Agios Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Cambridge, MA, USA

    Eyal C. Attar

  14. Loyola University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA

    Such Nand

  15. Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA

    Clara D. Bloomfield

  16. Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA

    Larry D. Cripe

  17. Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA

    Martin S. Tallman

  18. Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and Division of Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA

    Frederick Appelbaum & Brenda M. Sandmaier

  19. Department of Medicine and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA

    Richard A. Larson & Andrew S. Artz

  20. Department of Hematological Malignancies Translational Science, Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research, Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA

    Guido Marcucci

  21. Weill-Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA

    Gail J. Roboz

  22. Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA

    Geoffrey L. Uy

  23. Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA

    Richard M. Stone

  24. Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA

    Thomas C. Shea

  25. Adult Hematologic Malignancies & Stem Cell Transplant Section, University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, USA

    Marcos de Lima

  26. Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA

    James M. Foran

  27. Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA

    Mark R. Litzow

  28. Duke University, Durham, NC, USA

    Harry P. Erba

  29. City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA

    Arti Hurria

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  1. Celalettin Ustun
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Ustun, C., Le-Rademacher, J., Wang, HL. et al. Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation compared to chemotherapy consolidation in older acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients 60–75 years in first complete remission (CR1): an alliance (A151509), SWOG, ECOG-ACRIN, and CIBMTR study. Leukemia 33, 2599–2609 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41375-019-0477-x

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