Skip to main content

Thank you for visiting nature.com. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. To obtain the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in Internet Explorer). In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles and JavaScript.

  • Article
  • Published:

Investigating the association of vitamin D with blood pressure and the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system in hypertensive subjects: a cross-sectional prospective study

Journal of Human Hypertension volume 32, pages 114–121 (2018)Cite this article

Subjects

Abstract

The hypothesis that vitamin D (25(OH)D) insufficiency plays a role in occurring of various disease has led to a rise in requests of dosages and to an increase of health-care costs. 25(OH)D insufficiency is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease and hypertension in many studies. Animal studies demonstrated that 25(OH)D insufficiency activates renin angiotensin system but corresponding humans data are limited. The aim of the study was to document relationship between 25(OH)D, blood pressure, and renin angiotensin system in hypertensive subjects. In all, 248 hypertensive individuals, 46.8 years (±14), were hospitalized for an etiological assessment of hypertension in this cross-sectional study over two calendar years. 25(OH)D, plasma renin activity, and aldosterone were determined in stringent conditions and blood pressure was measure. Statistical analyses were carried out to analyze the association between 25(OH)D, blood pressure, and renin angiotensin system using linear and logistic regressions with adjustments on relevant variables. In all, 80% of the studied population had a 25(OH)D insufficiency. There were no significant association between 25(OH)D and levels of systolic or diastolic blood pressure, plasma renin activity, and aldosterone whatever the statiscal method used after adjustment. 25(OH)D is not associated with blood pressure and renin angiontensin component in hypertensive subjects. These results corroborate the interventional studies which are for a large majority negatives. A new definition of the 25(OH)D insufficiency in general population is necessary.

This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution

Access options

Buy this article

  • Purchase on SpringerLink
  • Instant access to full article PDF
Buy now

Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout

Fig. 1

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Forman JP, Curhan GC, Taylor EN. Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and risk of incident hypertension among young women. Hypertension. 2008;52:828–32.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Burgaz A, Orsini N, Larsson SC, Wolk A. Blood 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration and hypertension: a meta-analysis. J Hypertens. 2011;29:636–45.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Kunutsor SK, Apekey TA, Steur M. Vitamin D and risk of future hypertension: meta-analysis of 283,537 participants. Eur J Epidemiol. 2013;28:205–21.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Li YC, Kong J, Wei M, Chen ZF, Liu SQ, Cao LP. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D(3) is a negative endocrine regulator of the renin-angiotensin system. J Clin Invest. 2002;110:229–38.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Zhou C, Lu F, Cao K, Xu D, Goltzman D, Miao D. Calcium-independent and 1,25(OH)2D3-dependent regulation of the renin-angiotensin system in 1alpha-hydroxylase knockout mice. Kidney Int. 2008;74:170–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Forman JP, Williams JS, Fisher ND. Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D and regulation of the renin-angiotensin system in humans. Hypertension. 2010;55:1283–8.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Tomaschitz A, Pilz S, Ritz E, Grammer T, Drechsler C, Boehm BO, et al. Independent association between 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D and the renin-angiotensin system: the Ludwigshafen Risk and Cardiovascular Health (LURIC) study. Clin Chim Acta. 2010;411:1354–60.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Burgess ED, Hawkins RG, Watanabe M. Interaction of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D and plasma renin activity in high renin essential hypertension. Am J Hypertens. 1990;3(12 Pt 1):903–5.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Arora P, Song Y, Dusek J, Plotnikoff G, Sabatine MS, Cheng S, et al. Vitamin D therapy in individuals with prehypertension or hypertension: the DAYLIGHT trial. Circulation. 2015;131:254–62.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Scragg R, Slow S, Stewart AW, Jennings LC, Chambers ST, Priest PC, et al. Long-term high-dose vitamin D3 supplementation and blood pressure in healthy adults: a randomized controlled trial. Hypertension. 2014;64:725–30.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Witham MD, Ireland S, Houston JG, Gandy SJ, Waugh S, Macdonald TM, et al. Vitamin D therapy to reduce blood pressure and left ventricular hypertrophy in resistant hypertension: randomized, controlled trial. Hypertension. 2014;63:706–12.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Larsen T, Mose FH, Bech JN, Hansen AB, Pedersen EB. Effect of cholecalciferol supplementation during winter months in patients with hypertension: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Am J Hypertens. 2012;25:1215–22.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Witham MD, Price RJ, Struthers AD, Donnan PT, Messow CM, Ford I, et al. Cholecalciferol treatment to reduce blood pressure in older patients with isolated systolic hypertension: the VitDISH randomized controlled trial. JAMA Intern Med. 2013;173:1672–9.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Mancia G, Fagard R, Narkiewicz K, Redon J, Zanchetti A, Bohm M, et al. 2013 ESH/ESC Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension: the Task Force for the management of arterial hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). J Hypertens. 2013;31:1281–357.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Brossaud J, Corcuff JB. Pre-analytical and analytical considerations for the determination of plasma renin activity. Clin Chim Acta. 2009;410:90–2.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Snijder MB, Lips P, Seidell JC, Visser M, Deeg DJ, Dekker JM, et al. Vitamin D status and parathyroid hormone levels in relation to blood pressure: a population-based study in older men and women. J Intern Med. 2007;261:558–65.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Jorde R, Figenschau Y, Emaus N, Hutchinson M, Grimnes G. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels are strongly related to systolic blood pressure but do not predict future hypertension. Hypertension. 2010;55:792–8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Margolis KL, Martin LW, Ray RM, Kerby TJ, Allison MA, Curb JD, et al. A prospective study of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels, blood pressure, and incident hypertension in postmenopausal women. Am J Epidemiol. 2012;175:22–32.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Pilz S, Gaksch M, Kienreich K, Grubler M, Verheyen N, Fahrleitner-Pammer A, et al. Effects of vitamin D on blood pressure and cardiovascular risk factors: a randomized controlled trial. Hypertension. 2015;65:1195–201.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Lind L, Wide L, Sorensen OH, Ljunghall S. An association between mineral metabolism and the renin-aldosterone system in human hypertension. J Hum Hypertens. 1989;3:137–40.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Bernini G, Carrara D, Bacca A, Carli V, Virdis A, Rugani I, et al. Effect of acute and chronic vitamin D administration on systemic renin angiotensin system in essential hypertensives and controls. J Endocrinol Invest. 2013;36:216–20.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Carrara D, Bernini M, Bacca A, Rugani I, Duranti E, Virdis A, et al. Cholecalciferol administration blunts the systemic renin-angiotensin system in essential hypertensives with hypovitaminosis D. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst. 2014;15:82–7.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Grubler MR, Gaksch M, Kienreich K, Verheyen N, Schmid J, OH BW, et al. Effects of vitamin d supplementation on plasma aldosterone and renin-a randomized placebo-controlled trial. J Clin Hypertens. 2016;18:608–13.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Tiosano D, Schwartz Y, Braver Y, Hadash A, Gepstein V, Weisman Y, et al. The renin-angiotensin system, blood pressure, and heart structure in patients with hereditary vitamin D-resistance rickets (HVDRR). J Bone Miner Res. 2011;26:2252–60.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Chapuy MC, Schott AM, Garnero P, Hans D, Delmas PD, Meunier PJ. Healthy elderly French women living at home have secondary hyperparathyroidism and high bone turnover in winter. EPIDOS Study Group. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1996;81:1129–33.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Rosecrans R, Dohnal JC. Seasonal vitamin D changes and the impact on health risk assessment. Clin Biochem. 2014;47:670–2.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Chen TC, Chimeh F, Lu Z, Mathieu J, Person KS, Zhang A, et al. Factors that influence the cutaneous synthesis and dietary sources of vitamin D. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2007;460:213–7.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Clemens TL, Adams JS, Henderson SL, Holick MF. Increased skin pigment reduces the capacity of skin to synthesise vitamin D3. Lancet. 1982;1:74–6.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Lagunova Z, Porojnicu AC, Lindberg F, Hexeberg S, Moan J. The dependency of vitamin D status on body mass index, gender, age and season. Anticancer Res. 2009;29:3713–20.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Drincic AT, Armas LA, Van Diest EE, Heaney RP. Volumetric dilution, rather than sequestration best explains the low vitamin D status of obesity. Obes (Silver Spring). 2012;20:1444–8.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Holick MF, Siris ES, Binkley N, Beard MK, Khan A, Katzer JT, et al. Prevalence of Vitamin D inadequacy among postmenopausal North American women receiving osteoporosis therapy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005;90:3215–24.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Scragg R, Glover M. Parental and adolescent smoking: does the association vary with gender and ethnicity? N Z Med J. 2007;120:U2862.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Ginde AA, Liu MC, Camargo CA Jr. Demographic differences and trends of vitamin D insufficiency in the US population, 1988-2004. Arch Intern Med. 2009;169:626–32.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Mitchell DM, Henao MP, Finkelstein JS, Burnett-Bowie SA. Prevalence and predictors of vitamin D deficiency in healthy adults. Endocr Pract. 2012;18:914–23.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  35. Cashman KD, Dowling KG, Skrabakova Z, Gonzalez-Gross M, Valtuena J, De Henauw S, et al. Vitamin D deficiency in Europe: pandemic? Am J Clin Nutr. 2016;103:1033–44.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Cardiology and Hypertension department, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France

    Antoine Cremer, Chloé Tambosco, Romain Boulestreau, Prune Gaillard, Marion Lainé, Georgios Papaioannou & Philippe Gosse

  2. Hormons Labaratory−Tumoral Markers, Nuclear Medicine and PTMP, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France

    Jean-Benoît Corcuff

Authors
  1. Antoine Cremer
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Chloé Tambosco
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Jean-Benoît Corcuff
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Romain Boulestreau
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Prune Gaillard
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Marion Lainé
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Georgios Papaioannou
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Philippe Gosse
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Antoine Cremer.

Additional information

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Publisher's note: Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Cremer, A., Tambosco, C., Corcuff, JB. et al. Investigating the association of vitamin D with blood pressure and the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system in hypertensive subjects: a cross-sectional prospective study. J Hum Hypertens 32, 114–121 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41371-017-0005-2

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41371-017-0005-2

This article is cited by

Search

Advanced search

Quick links