Fanconi's syndrome is a genetic disease resulting in phosphaturia, aminoaciduria, glucosuria, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis from proximal renal tubular acidosis, and eventual renal failure. The Acadian people came from France to Nova Scotia, Canada in the 17th century with Champlain. In 1755, the French Acadians were expelled from Nova Scotia and these families moved to Louisianna and subsequently migrated back to the New England states and Maritime Canada. Specific genetic diseases including Fanconi's syndrome migrated with this cohort of people. These French families were immortalized in Longfellow's poem “Evangeline” and the Acadian legend began. Thirteen families with children with the Acadian form of Fanconi's syndrome were studied. The most common presenting complaint was “knocked knees” and growth failure presenting between 3 and 10 years. All children had some degree of renal insufficiency, but no child required renal replacement therapy. Renal involvement was slowly progressive and often deteriorated during adolescence, when compliance with therapy was most difficult. Medical evaluation for secondary forms of Fanconi's syndrome was done on each child including metabolic, heavy metal and toxin screens. All children were ≥ 2 standard deviations below the mean for height at presentation. After therapy, 2 children showed significant catch-up growth, 6 achieved normal age corrected growth rates, and 1 teenage girl showed poor linear growth but was non-compliant with therapy. Therapy was phosphate replacement, correction of acidosis, and vitamin D. Three families reported distant relatives with “bone disease”, and certain family names were prevalent. The Acadian form of Fanconi's syndrome has not been previously defined, but is an important part of the history of families with French ancestry populating the Eastern seaboard and Gulf coast of North America.