Article PDF
References
H. H. Hörhold and M. Helbig, Makromol. Chem., Macromol. Symp., 12, 229 (1987).
G. A. Kossmehl, “Handbook of Conducting Polymers,” Vol. 1, T. A. Skotheim, Ed., Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, N.Y., and Basel, 1989, p 351.
D. D. C. Bradley, Makromol. Chem., Macromol. Symp., 37, 247 (1990).
R. K. McCoy, F. E. Karasz, A. Sarker, and P. M. Lahti, Chem. Mater., 3, 941 (1991).
H. Nishide, T. Kaneko, Y. Kuzumaki, N. Yoshioka, and E. Tsuchida, Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst., 232, 143 (1993).
Z. Bao, Y. Chen, R. Cai, and L. Yu, Macromolecules, 26, 5281 (1993).
T. Kaneko, S. Toriu, Y. Kuzumaki, H. Nishide, and E. Tsuchida, Chem. Lett., 2135 (1994).
H. Nishide, T. Kaneko, T. Nii, K. Katoh, E. Tsuchida, and K. Yamaguchi, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 117, 548 (1995).
J. Obrzut and F. E. Karasz, J. Chem. Phys., 87, 2349 (1987).
K. Seki, S. Asada, T. Mori, H. Inokuchi, I. Murase, T. Ohnishi, and T. Noguchi, Solid State Commn., 74, 677 (1990).
N. Sato, M. Logdlund, R. Lazzaroni, W. R. Salaneck, J. L. Brédas, D. D. C. Bradley, R. H. Friend, and K. E. Ziemelis, Chem. Phys., 160, 299 (1992).
M. Dugay and C. Fabre, Solid State Commn., 47, 965 (1983).
P. M. Lahti, J. Obrzut, and F. E. Karasz, Macromolecules, 20, 2023 (1987).
O. Lhost and J. L. Brédas, J. Chem. Phys., 96, 5279 (1992).
S. Zalis and M. Kertesz, Synth. Met., 47, 179 (1992).
K. Seki, “Optical Techniques to Characterize Polymer Systems,” H. Baessler, Ed., Elsevier Science Publishers, Amsterdam, 1989, p 115.
M. Fahlman, M. Lögdlund, S. Stafström. W. R. Salaneck, R. H. Friend, P. L. Burn, A. B. Holmes, K. Kaeriyama, Y. Sonoda, O. Lhost, F. Meyers, and J. L. Bréas, Macromolecules, 28, 1959 (1995).
The Δ and Ith of an intrinsic semiconductor is approximately expressed as Δ=2(Ith−EF), where EF is the Fermi energy relative to the vacuum level. The line in Figure 2 is fitted through three points of 1c, 3, and 4 which have same substituent, because the substituent groups affect the electronic state of PPV. The constant C is equal to 2EF for an intrinsic semiconductor.
N. Yoshioka, H. Nishide, T. Kaku, T. Kaneko, E. Tsuchida, S. Narioka, and K. Seki, Polym. J., 23, 921 (1991).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kaneko, T., Ito, E., Seki, K. et al. UPS Study of Poly(phenylenevinylene)s Substituted with Hexyloxy, Phenoxy, and Nitroxy Residues. Polym J 28, 182–184 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1295/polymj.28.182
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1295/polymj.28.182