Abstract
Deformation mechanism of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) gel and melt films was investigated in terms of morphological aspects by scanning electron microscopy, small angle X-ray scattering, and wide angle X-ray difiraction. The morphological properties were discussed in relation to the temperature dependence of the dynamic complex modulus. The storage modulus of the melt film with a draw ratio of 20 was 19.5 GPa at 20°C, while that of the gel film with a draw ratio of 7 was 16.2 GPa. The apparent crystal lattice modulus of the (1̅05) plane was measured by X-ray diffraction. Using the apparent value, the real value of the crystal lattice modulus was estimated to be 118 GPa through a somewhat complicated geometrical treatment. The storage moduli for both the specimens are much lower than the crystal lattice modulus. In order to study the large difference, the crystallite orientation was estimated in terms of the second order orientation factor of the c-axis and the theoretical analysis of small angle X-ray scattering patterns. It turns out that under oriented crystallization, the preferential orientation of the c-axis is attributed to the rotation of crystallites with respect to the stretching direction but not to a crystal transformation from a folded to a fibrous type. Such a orientation mode is thought to hamper ultradrawing to produce high modulus PET films.
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Matsuo, M., Sawatari, C. Morphological and Mechanical Properties of Poly(ethylene terephthalate) Gel and Melt Films in Terms of the Crystal Lattice Modulus, Molecular Orientation, and Small Angle X-Ray Scattering Intensity Distribution. Polym J 22, 518–538 (1990). https://doi.org/10.1295/polymj.22.518
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1295/polymj.22.518
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