Abstract
Possibilities for long-lived propagating species in cationic polymerization of vinyl compounds were investigated. p-Methoxystyrene (p-MOS) was polymerized with iodine as an initiator at 0°C. In carbon tetrachloride the molecular weight of the polymers increased with increasing conversion. After the completion of the polymerization, p-MOS was added to cause a further increase of the molecular weight of the polymer. These features were not observed in the polymerization in polar solvents such as methylene chloride. On the basis of these findings, the nondissociated propagating species is considered to be long-lived, whereas the dissociated propagating species is considered to be short-lived. It is also pointed out that a long-lived growing chain is possibly involved in the polymerization of styrene with perchlorate anion as a counterion at low temperatures.
Similar content being viewed by others
Article PDF
References
M. Szwarc, Nature, 178, 1169 (1956).
M. Szwarc, M. Levy, and R. Milkovich, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 78, 2656 (1956).
M. Szwarc, “Carbanions, Living Polymers, and Electron Transfer Processes,” Interscience Publishers, Inc., New York, N.Y., 1968.
M. P. Dreyfuss, Polymer, 6, 93 (1965).
C. E. H. Bawn, R. M. Bell, and A. Ledwith, Polymer, 6, 95 (1965).
e.g., G. A. Olah, Angew. Chem., 85, 183 (1973).
J. P. Kennedy, E. Melby, and J. Johnston, J. Macromol. Sci., Chem., A8, 463 (1974).
T. Higashimura, O. Kishiro, and T. Takeda, J. Polym. Sci., Chem. Ed., 14, 1089 (1976).
J. T. Atkins and F. W. Billmeyer, Jr., J. Phys. Chem., 63, 1966 (1959).
C. F. Endres, V. G. Kamath, and C. G. Overberger, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 84, 4813 (1962).
T. Higashimura, Y. Imanishi, T. Fukushima, and S. Okamura, Kobunshi Kagaku (Chem. High Polymers), 22, 205 (1965).
H. P. Frank, Makromol. Chem., 67, 64 (1963).
D. C. Pepper, Makromol. Chem., 175, 1077 (1974).
D. C. Pepper, J. Polym. Sci.; Symp., No. 50, 51 (1975).
T. Higashimura, O. Kishiro, K. Matsuzaki, and T. Uryu, J. Polym. Sci., Chem. Ed., 13, 1393 (1975).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Higashimura, T., Kishiro, O. Possible Formation of Living Polymers of p-Methoxystyrene by Iodine. Polym J 9, 87–93 (1977). https://doi.org/10.1295/polymj.9.87
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1295/polymj.9.87
Keywords
This article is cited by
-
Cationic polymerization in iodine/liquid sulfur dioxide system
Polymer Bulletin (1992)
-
Lifetime of the propagating species in the cationic polymerization of p-methoxystyrene
Polymer Bulletin (1978)