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Mitochondrial dynamics regulates migration and invasion of breast cancer cells

Oncogene volume 32, pages 4814–4824 (2013)Cite this article

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Abstract

Mitochondria are highly dynamic and undergo constant fusion and fission that are essential for maintaining physiological functions of cells. Although dysfunction of mitochondria has been implicated in tumorigenesis, little is known about the roles of mitochondrial dynamics in metastasis, the major cause of cancer death. In the present study, we found a marked upregulation of mitochondrial fission protein dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) expression in human invasive breast carcinoma and metastases to lymph nodes. Compared with non-metastatic breast cancer cells, mitochondria also were more fragmented in metastatic breast cancer cells that express higher levels of total and active Drp1 and less mitochondrial fusion protein 1 (Mfn1). Silencing Drp1 or overexpression of Mfn1 resulted in mitochondria elongation or clusters, respectively, and significantly suppressed metastatic abilities of breast cancer cells. In contrast, silencing Mfn proteins led to mitochondrial fragmentation and enhanced metastatic abilities of breast cancer cells. Interestingly, these manipulations of mitochondrial dynamics altered the subcellular distribution of mitochondria in breast cancer cells. For example, silencing Drp1 or overexpression of Mfn1 inhibited lamellipodia formation, a key step for cancer metastasis, and suppressed chemoattractant-induced recruitment of mitochondria to lamellipodial regions. Conversely, silencing Mfn proteins resulted in more cell spreading and lamellipodia formation, causing accumulation of more mitochondria in lamellipodia regions. More importantly, treatment with a mitochondrial uncoupling agent or adenosine triphosphate synthesis inhibitor reduced lamellipodia formation and decreased breast cancer cell migration and invasion, suggesting a functional importance of mitochondria in breast cancer metastasis. Together, our findings show a new role and mechanism for regulation of cancer cell migration and invasion by mitochondrial dynamics. Thus targeting dysregulated Drp1-dependent mitochondrial fission may provide a novel strategy for suppressing breast cancer metastasis.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Professors Fuyu Yang and Quan Chen for their valuable suggestions. This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health (CA125661), Nebraska LB595 program and the National Basic Research Program of China (2010CB833701, 2012CB934003). Dr Juan Zhang is a grant recipient of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31100973).

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  1. J Zhao, J Zhang and M Yu: These authors contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China

    J Zhao, J Zhang, M Yu & Y Huang

  2. Department of Pharmacology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, USA

    J Zhao, Y Xie, D W Wolff, P W Abel & Y Tu

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  1. J Zhao
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Correspondence to Y Tu.

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Zhao, J., Zhang, J., Yu, M. et al. Mitochondrial dynamics regulates migration and invasion of breast cancer cells. Oncogene 32, 4814–4824 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1038/onc.2012.494

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