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Flip-flopping membrane proteins

Some membrane proteins can adopt multiple topologies, forcing us to think more expansively about membrane protein architecture.

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Figure 1: Proposed evolutionary relationships among dual-topology and inverse-topology membrane proteins.
Figure 2: The topology and structure of EmrE and GlpF.

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Bowie, J. Flip-flopping membrane proteins. Nat Struct Mol Biol 13, 94–96 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1038/nsmb0206-94

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