Abstract
The crystal structures of the flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and flavin mononucleotide (FMN) containing isoforms of NADH oxidase from Thermus thermophilus have been determined by isomorphous and molecular replacement and refined to 2.3 Å and 1.6 Å resolution with R-values of 18.5 % and 18.6 % respectively. The structure of the homodimeric enzyme consists of a central 4-stranded antiparallel β-sheet covered by helices, a more flexible domain formed by two helices, and a C-terminal excursion connecting the subunits. The active sites are located in a deep cleft between the subunits. The binding site of the flavin cofactor lacks the common nucleotide binding fold and is different from the FMN binding site found in flavodoxins.
This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution
Access options
Subscribe to this journal
Receive 12 print issues and online access
$189.00 per year
only $15.75 per issue
Buy this article
- Purchase on Springer Link
- Instant access to full article PDF
Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Park, H.-J. et al. Purification and characterization of a NADH oxidase from the thermophilic Thermus thermophilus . Eur. J. Biochem. 205, 881–885 (1992)
Malstrm, B.G. Enzymology of oxygen. A. Rev. Biochem. 51, 21–59 (1982).
Park, H.-J., Reiser, C.O.A., Kreutzer, R. & Sprinzl, M. Molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence of the gene encoding a H2O2-forming NADH oxidase from the thermophilic Thermus thermophilus HB8 and its expression in Escherichia coli . Eur. J. Biochem. 205, 875–879 (1992).
Erdmann, H., Hecht, H.-J. & Schmid, R.D. preparation, properties and crystallization of a recombinant NADH oxidase. Dechema Biotechnology Conferences 5, 93–95 (1992).
Erdmann, H. et al. Crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction studies of a NADH oxidase from Thermus thermophilus HB8. J. molec. Biol. 230, 1086–1088 (1993).
Dolin, M.I. The oxidation and peroxidation of DPNH2 in extracts of Streptococcus faecalis 10C1. Arch, biochem. Biophys. 46, 483–485. (1953).
Thomas, E.L. & Pera, K.A. Oxygen metabolism of Streptococcus mutans: Uptake of oxygen and release of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide. J. Bacteriol. 154, 1236–1244 (1983).
Koike, K., Koboyashi, T., Ito, S. & Saitoh, M. Purification and characterization of NADH oxidase from a strain of Leuconostoc mesenteroides . J. Biochem. 97, 1279–1288. (1985).
Schmidt, H.L., Stöcklein, W., Danzer, J., Kirch, P. & Limbach, B. Isolation and properties of an H2O-forming NADH oxidase from Streptococcus faecalis. Eur. J. Biochem. 15, 149–155 (1986).
Ahmed, S.A. & Claiborne, A. The streptococcal flavoprotein NADH oxidase. J. biol. Chem. 264, 19856–19863 (1989).
Liu, X.L. & Scopes, R.K., Cloning, sequencing and expression of the gene encoding NADH oxidase from the extreme anaerobic thermophile Thermoanaerobium brockii . Biochim. biophys. Acta, 1174, 184–190 (1993).
Anders, R.F., Hogg, D.M. & Jago, G.R. Formation of hydrogen peroxide by group n streptococci and its effect on their growth and metabolism. App. Microbiol. 19, 602–612 (1970).
Gtz, F., Sedewitz, B. & Elstner, E.F. Oxygen utilization by Lactobacillus plantarum: 1. Oxygen consuption reactions. Arch. Microbiol. 125, 209–214 (1980).
Saeki, Y., Nozaki, M. & Matsumoto, K. Purification and properties of NADH oxidase from Bacillus megaterium . J. Biochem. 98, 1433–1440 (1985).
Cocco, D., Rinaldi, A., Savini, I., Cooper, J.M. & Bannister, J.V. NADH oxidase from the extreme thermophile Thermus aquaticus YT-1: Purification and characterization. Eur. J. Biochem. 174, 267–271 (1988).
Inouye, S. NAD(P)H-flavin oxidoreductase from the bioluminescent bacterium, Vibrio fischeri ATCC 7744, is a flavoprotein. FEBS Letts. 347, 163–168 (1994).
Zenno, S., Saigo, K., Kanoh, H. & Inouye, S. Identification of the gene encoding the major NAD(P)H-flavin oxidoreductase of the bioluminescent bacterium Vibrio fisheri ATCCA 7744. J. Bacteriol. 176 (12) 3536–3543 (1994).
Chenault, H.K. & Whitesides, G.M. Lactate dehydrogenase-catalyzed regeneration of NAD from NADH for use in enzyme-catalyzed synthesis. Bioorganic. Chem. 17, 400–409 (1989).
McNeil, C.J., Spoors, J.A., Cocco, D.; Cooper, J.M. & Bannister, J.V. Thermostable reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide oxidase: Application to amperometric enzyme assay. Anal. Chem. 61, 25–29 (1989).
Somasundrum, M., Hall, J. & Bannister, J.V. Amperimetric NADH determination via both directet and mediated electron transfer by NADH oxidase from Thermus aquaticus YT.1. Analytica Chimica Acta 295, 47–57 (1994).
Tabata, M., Koushima, F. & Totani, M. Use of a biosensor consisting of an immobilized NADH oxidase column and a hydrogen peroxide electrode for the determination of serum lactate dehydrogenase activity. Analytica Chimica Acta 298, 113–119k (1994).
Hecht, H.J., Kalisz, H.M., Hendle, J., Schmid, R.D. & Schomburg, D. Crystal structure of Glucose oxidase from Aspergillus niger refined at 2.3 resolution. J. molec. Biol. 229, 153–172 (1993).
Vrielink, A., Lloyd, L.F. & Blow, D.M. Crystal structure of cholesterol oxidase from Brevibacterium sterolicum refined at 1.8 Å resolution. J. molec. Biol. 219, 233–254 (1991).
Fukuyama, K., Matsubara, H. & Rogers, L.J. Crystal structure of oxidized flavodoxin from a red alga Chondrus crispus refined at 1.8 Å resolution. J. molec. Biol. 225, 775–789 (1992).
Pai, E.F., Karplus, P.A. & Schulz, G.E. Crystallographic analysis of the binding of NADPH, NADPH fragments, and NADPH analogues to gluthatione reductase. Biochemistry 27, 4465–4474 (1988).
Zenno, S., Saigo, K., Kanoh, H. & Inouye, S. Identification of the gene encoding the major NAD(P)H-flavin oxidoreductase of the bioluminescent bacterium Vibrio fischeri ATCC 7744. J. Bact. 176, 3536–3543 (1994).
Inouye, S. NAD(P)H-flavin oxidoreductase from the bioluminescent bacterium, Vibrio fischeri ATCC 7744, is a flavoprotein. FEBS Let. 347, 163–168 (1994).
Matthews, B.W. Solvent content of protein crystals. J. molec. Biol. 33, 491–497 (1968).
CCP4, 1979, The SERC (UK) Collaborative Computing Project No. 4, a Suite of Programs for Protein Crystallography, distributed from Daresbury Laboratory, Warrington WA4 4AD, UK (version 2.1).
Howard, A.J. et al. The use of an imaging proportional counter in macromolecular crystallography. J. appl. Crystallogr. 20, 383–387 (1987).
Cowtan, K.D. & Main, P. Improvement of macromolecular electron-density maps by the simultaneous application of real and reciprocal space constraints. Acta Crystallogr. D49, 148–157 (1993).
Jones, T.A. A graphics model building and refinement system for macromolecules. J Appl. Crystallogr. 11, 268–272 (1978).
Brünger, A.T., Kuriyan, J. & Karplus, M. Refinement by simulated annealing. Science 235, 458–460 (1987).
Engh, R.A. & Huber, R. Accurate bond and angle parameters for x-ray protein structure refinement. Acta Crystallogr. A47, 392–400 (1991).
Bernstein, F.C. et al. The Protein Data Bank: A computer-based archival file for macromolecular structures. J. molec. Biol. 112, 535–542 (1977).
Brünger, A.T. Extension of molecular replacement: a new strategy based on patterson correlation refinement. Acta Crystallogr. A46, 46–57 (1990).
Jones, T.A., Zou, J.-Y., Cowan, S.W. & Kjeldgaard, M. Improved methods for building protein models in electron density maps and the location of errors in these models. Acta Crystallogr. A47, 110–119 (1991).
Kraulis, P.J. “MOLSCRIPT”: a program to produce both detailed and schematic plots of protein structures. J. appl. Cryst. 24, 946–950 (1991) modified by D. Peisach (Peisach@hydra.rose.brandeis.edu) for rendering with Rayshade (rayshade-requests@cs.princeton.edu).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Hecht, H., Erdmann, H., Park, H. et al. Crystal structure of NADH oxidase from Thermus thermophilus. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2, 1109–1114 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1038/nsb1295-1109
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nsb1295-1109
This article is cited by
-
Antimicrobial activity of Limosilactobacillus fermentum strains isolated from the human oral cavity against Streptococcus mutans
Scientific Reports (2023)
-
Non-contact biomimetic mechanism for selective hydrogenation of nitroaromatics on heterogeneous metal nanocatalysts
Science China Chemistry (2022)
-
Heterologous Expression and Characterization of a Full-length Protozoan Nitroreductase from Leishmania orientalis isolate PCM2
Molecular Biotechnology (2022)
-
Evolutionary aspects of the Viridiplantae nitroreductases
Journal of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (2020)
-
Proline dehydrogenase from Thermus thermophilus does not discriminate between FAD and FMN as cofactor
Scientific Reports (2017)