Some prokaryotic transcriptional activators act by binding to enhancers and directly changing the conformation of a specialized sigma factor in the RNA polymerase holoenzyme. This mechanism has interesting parallels in other transcription systems.
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Gralla, J. Signaling through sigma. Nat Struct Mol Biol 7, 530–532 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1038/76732
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/76732