Clomiphene citrate is effective for treating hypogonadism, but its use often relies on patient interest in preserving testicular volume and spermatogenesis. Of 76 men assessed for treatment response, 62% met the success criteria (an increase of ≥200 ng/dl in total testosterone at ≥6 months after starting treatment), with successful responders showing a mean total testosterone increase of 302 ± 76 ng/dl. Predictors were found to be pretreatment testicular volume and luteinizing hormone levels.