Interactions between HLA and PTPN22 genotypes and smoking have been implicated in overall susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis as well as the incidence of particular disease phenotypes in case–control and case-only studies. As recent epidemiological evidence shows, deciphering these interactions demands consideration of the analytical approach used.
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Karlson, E., Costenbader, K. Interpreting studies of interactions between RA risk factors. Nat Rev Rheumatol 6, 72–73 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1038/nrrheum.2009.276
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nrrheum.2009.276
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