Renal biopsy is the gold standard for detection of rejection in kidney transplant recipients, but is not considered until evidence of renal dysfunction is apparent. Now, Suthanthiran and colleagues suggest that mRNA levels in urinary cells from these patients might be diagnostic and prognostic of acute cellular rejection.
This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution
Access options
Subscribe to this journal
Receive 12 print issues and online access
$209.00 per year
only $17.42 per issue
Buy this article
- Purchase on Springer Link
- Instant access to full article PDF
Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout
References
Avihingsanon, Y. et al. On the intraoperative molecular status of renal allografts after vascular reperfusion and clinical outcomes. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 6, 1542–1548 (2005).
Strom, T. B., Tilney, N. L., Carpenter, C. B. & Busch G. J. Identity and cytotoxic capacity of cells infiltrating renal allografts. N. Engl. J. Med. 292, 1257–1263 (1975).
Strehlau, J. et al. Quantitative detection of immune activation transcripts as a diagnostic tool in kidney transplantation. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA. 94, 695–700 (1997).
Pavlakis, M., Lipman, M. L. & Strom T. B. Intragraft T cell receptor transcript expression in human renal allografts. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 6, 281–285 (1995).
Vasconcellos, L. M. et al. Cytotoxic lymphocyte gene expression in peripheral blood leukocytes correlates with rejecting renal allografts. Transplantation 66, 562–566 (1998).
Li, B. et al. Noninvasive diagnosis of renal-allograft rejection by measurement of messenger RNA for perforin and granzyme B in urine. N. Engl. J. Med. 344, 947–954 (2001).
Kotsch, K. et al. Enhanced granulysin mRNA expression in urinary sediment in early and delayed acute renal allograft rejection. Transplantation 77, 1866–1875 (2004).
Muthukumar, T. et al. Messenger RNA for FOXP3 in the urine of renal-allograft recipients. N. Engl. J. Med. 353, 2342–2351 (2005).
Suthanthiran, M. et al. Urinary-cell mRNA profile and acute cellular rejection in kidney allografts. N. Engl. J. Med. 369, 20–31 (2013).
Jackson, J. A. et al. Urinary chemokines CXCL9 and CXCL10 are noninvasive markers of renal allograft rejection and BK viral infection. Am. J. Transplant. 11, 2228–2234 (2011).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Competing interests
T. B. Strom has intellectual property on molecular biomarkers for the diagnosis of rejection (US patent #16937).
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Chandraker, A., Strom, T. A new molecular approach to the diagnosis of acute rejection. Nat Rev Nephrol 9, 631–632 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1038/nrneph.2013.199
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nrneph.2013.199