Access options
Subscribe to Journal
Get full journal access for 1 year
$59.00
only $4.92 per issue
All prices are NET prices.
VAT will be added later in the checkout.
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.
Rent or Buy article
Get time limited or full article access on ReadCube.
from$8.99
All prices are NET prices.
References
- 1
Darwin, C. On the Origin of Species (John Murray, London, 1859).
- 2
Janeway, C. A. Jr & Medzhitov, R. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 20, 197–216 (2002).
- 3
Hoffmann, J. A., Kafatos, F. C., Janeway, C. A. & Ezekowitz, R. A. Science 284, 1313–1318 (1999).
- 4
Hoebe, K., Janssen, E. & Beutler, B. Nature Immunol. 5, 971–974 (2004).
- 5
Abi-Rached, L. & Parham, P. J. Exp. Med. 201, 1319–1332 (2005).
- 6
Pancer, Z. et al. Nature 430, 174–180 (2004).
- 7
Alder, M. N. et al. Nature Immunol. 9, 319–327 (2008).
- 8
Guo, P. et al. Nature 459, 796–801 (2009).
- 9
Alder, M. N. et al. Science 310, 1970–1973 (2005).
- 10
Nagawa, F. et al. Nature Immunol. 8, 206–213 (2007).
- 11
Rogozin, I. B. et al. Nature Immunol. 8, 647–656 (2007).
- 12
Herrin, B. R. et al. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 105, 2040–2045 (2008).
- 13
Ohno, S. Evolution by Gene Duplication (Springer, Berlin, 1970).
- 14
Putnam, N. H. et al. Nature 453, 1064–1071 (2008).
- 15
Mayer, W. E. et al. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 99, 14350–14355 (2002).
Author information
Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Competing interests
The authors declare no competing financial interests.
Supplementary information
Supplementary information S1 (figure)
(PDF 120 kb)
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Cooper, M., Herrin, B. How did our complex immune system evolve?. Nat Rev Immunol 10, 2–3 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1038/nri2686
Issue Date:
Further reading
-
Innate immunological memory: from plants to animals
Current Opinion in Immunology (2020)
-
Evolution of male pregnancy associated with remodeling of canonical vertebrate immunity in seahorses and pipefishes
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (2020)
-
Chilean aquaculture and the new challenges: Pathogens, immune response, vaccination and fish diversification
Fish & Shellfish Immunology (2020)
-
Therapeutic Potential of the Intestinal Microbiota for Immunomodulation of Food Allergies
Frontiers in Immunology (2020)
-
Natural killer cells and reproductive success
American Journal of Reproductive Immunology (2020)