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Opinion-regulatory lymphocytes

Natural versus adaptive regulatory T cells

Nature Reviews Immunology volume 3, pages 253–257 (2003)Cite this article

Abstract

The regulation of immune responses to self-antigens is a complex process that involves maintaining self-tolerance while retaining the capacity to mount robust immune responses against invading microorganisms. Over the past few years, many new insights into this process have been gained, leading to the re-emergence of the idea that regulatory T (TReg) cells are a central mechanism of immune regulation. These insights have raised fundamental questions concerning what constitutes a TReg cell, where they develop and what signals maintain TReg-cell populations in a functional state. Here, we propose the existence of two subsets of CD4+ TReg cells — natural and adaptive — that differ in terms of their development, specificity, mechanism of action and dependence on T-cell receptor and co-stimulatory signalling.

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Figure 1: Two classes of regulatory T cells can be envisioned.
Figure 2: Model of two pathways of T-cell activation that are CD28 dependent.

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Acknowledgements

We thank L. Chatenoud and J. F. Bach for helpful discussions and sharing of unpublished data.

Author information

Affiliations

  1. the Diabetes Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, 94118, California, USA

    Jeffrey A. Bluestone

  2. the Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, USA

    Abul K. Abbas

Authors
  1. Jeffrey A. Bluestone
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  2. Abul K. Abbas
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jeffrey A. Bluestone.

Related links

Related links

DATABASES

LocusLink

BCL-XL

CD25

CD28

CD38

CD62L

CD80

CD86

CD103

CTLA4

GITR

IL-2

IL-10

IL-15

IL-15R

OX40

TGF-β

OMIM

multiple sclerosis

type 1 diabetes

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Bluestone, J., Abbas, A. Natural versus adaptive regulatory T cells. Nat Rev Immunol 3, 253–257 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1038/nri1032

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