Table 1 Health end points targeted in human trials of orally administered prebiotics
| Health end point | Prebiotic used | Refs |
|---|---|---|
| Metabolic health: overweight and obesity; type 2 diabetes mellitus; metabolic syndrome and dyslipidaemia; inflammation | Inulin, GOS, FOS | 22,74,75,83,84,85,86,87,88,89,90 |
| Satiety | FOS | 75,76,90,91,92 |
| Stimulation of neurochemical-producing bacteria in the gut | GOS | 93,94 |
| Improved absorption of calcium and other minerals, bone health | Inulin, FOS | 95,96,97,98,99 |
| Skin health, improved water retention and reduced erythema | GOS | 100,101 |
| Allergy | FOS, GOS | 102,103,104,105 |
| IBD | Inulin, lactulose | 106 |
| Urogenital health | GOS | 107 |
| Bowel habit and general gut health in infants | GOS, FOS, | 108,109 |
| Infections and vaccine response | FOS, GOS, polydextrose | 110,111,112,113,114 |
| Necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants | GOS, FOS | 115 |
| IBS | GOS | 116 |
| Traveller's diarrhoea | GOS | 117 |
| Constipation | Inulin | 118,119 |
| Immune function in elderly individuals | GOS | 56,120 |
