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Overlap of functional dyspepsia and GERD—diagnostic and treatment implications

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology volume 10, pages 175–186 (2013)Cite this article

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Abstract

GERD and functional dyspepsia are the two most prevalent upper gastrointestinal disorders. Gastro-oesophageal reflux is most commonly diagnosed using the cardinal symptoms of heartburn and regurgitation. Patients might also be diagnosed using a questionnaire, after empiric treatment with an acid suppressant, after upper endoscopy or by pH testing. Functional dyspepsia is best diagnosed using symptoms outlined by the Rome committee in conjunction with a normal upper endoscopy. Theoretically, distinguishing these two populations should be easy for all health-care providers. In reality, however, carefully separating out these two populations can be quite difficult, as substantial overlap exists epidemiologically, symptomatically and even diagnostically. This overlap renders precise diagnosis a challenge; given the limited treatment options, the primary goal is to identify those patients who will respond to acid suppressive therapy. Despite the frequency with which functional dyspepsia and GERD overlap, remarkably few studies have investigated this overlap. Most recommendations are based on data derived from separate studies of functional dyspepsia and GERD. A further limitation of existing studies is their failure to differentiate between the various diagnostic categories into which the individual presenting with heartburn might belong.

Key Points

  • GERD and functional dyspepsia are common disorders in the community

  • GERD, functional dyspepsia and other functional gastrointestinal disorders commonly overlap in the same individual

  • A number of pathophysiological factors are common to GERD and functional dyspepsia

  • Although the pathophysiology of GERD and functional dyspepsia have been studied extensively, few studies have focused specifically on patients with both of these disorders

  • Overlapping functional dyspepsia and GERD might have important effects on therapeutic responses

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland

    Eamonn M. M. Quigley

  2. Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, One Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, 03756, NH, USA

    Brian E. Lacy

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Supplementary information

Supplementary Box 1

Montreal Definition of GERD (DOC 30 kb)

Supplementary Box 2

Rome III Criteria for Functional Dyspepsia (DOC 33 kb)

Supplementary Table 1

NERD subgroups (DOC 38 kb)

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Quigley, E., Lacy, B. Overlap of functional dyspepsia and GERD—diagnostic and treatment implications. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 10, 175–186 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1038/nrgastro.2012.253

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