Skip to main content

Thank you for visiting nature.com. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. To obtain the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in Internet Explorer). In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles and JavaScript.

  • Outlook
  • Published:

APT drug R&D: the right active ingredient in the right presentation for the right therapeutic use

Abstract

Drug repurposing, in which an established active pharmaceutical ingredient is applied in a new way — for example, for a new indication, and often combined with an alternative method of presentation, such as a novel delivery route — is an evolving strategy for pharmaceutical R&D. This article discusses examples of the success of this strategy, and presents an analysis of sales of US pharmaceutical products that suggests that this low-risk approach to new product development retains substantial commercial value.

This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution

Access options

Buy this article

Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout

Figure 1: APT pharmaceutical R&D.
Figure 2: Analysis of the characteristics of the top 200 drugs by US sales in 2007.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Cavalla, D. Therapeutic switching: a new strategic approach to enhance R&D. IDrugs 8, 914–918 (2005).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Gudiksen, M., Fleming, E., Furstenthal, L. & Ma, P. What drives success for specialty pharmaceuticals? Nature Rev. Drug Discov. 7, 563–567 (2008).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Schmid, E. F. & Smith, D. A. Pharmaceutical R&D in the spotlight: why is there still unmet medical need? Drug Discov. Today 12, 998–1006 (2007).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Herrick, T. M. & Million, R. P. Tapping the potential of fixed-dose combinations. Nature Rev. Drug Discov. 6, 513–514 (2007).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Sanderson, K. Big interest in heavy drugs. Nature 458, 269 (2009).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Prausnitz, M. R & Langer, R. Transdermal drug delivery. Nature Biotech. 26, 1261–1268 (2008).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Harrison, C. Purdue can keep Oxycontin patents — for now. Nature Rev. Drug Discov. 7, 112 (2008).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Campillos, M. et al. Drug target identification using side effect similarity. Science 321, 263–266 (2008).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Actavis UK Ltd v Merck & Co Inc [2008] EWCA Civ 444 http://www.bailii.org/ew/cases/EWCA/Civ/2008/444.html (21 May 2008).

  10. Allergan Annual Report http://files.shareholder.com/downloads/AGN/694737517x0x282772/3BC3E9F1-8A3E-420E-AFEC-049722DB25C6/agn_2008AnnualReport_AGN.pdf(2008).

  11. Opar, A. Mixed results for disease-modification strategies for Alzheimer's disease. Nature Rev. Drug Discov. 7, 717–718 (2008).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Grabowski, H., Vernon, J. & DiMasi, J. A. Returns on research and development for 1990s new drug introductions. PharmacoEconomics 20, 11–29 (2002).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Portnoy, S. & Koepke, S. Obtaining FDA approval of drug/device combination products. The Pharmanet website [online] http://www.pharmanet.com/pdf/whitepapers/Combo_Products.pdf.

  14. Boston Scientific Annual Report. http://library.corporate-ir.net/library/62/622/62272/items/329935/A4BAD1E1-45B9-4058-AE8B-B37F981220AE_BSX2008AnnualReport.pdf(2008).

  15. Hegde, S. & Schmidt, M. in Ann. Rep. Med. Chem. vol. 43 (ed. Macor, J. E.) 455–497 (Elsevier, London, 2008).

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The author is grateful to D. Middlemiss for positive criticism and advice in the preparation of this manuscript.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Ethics declarations

Competing interests

D.C. is Director of Numedicus.

Supplementary information

Supplementary information S1 (table)

Sales analysis: top 200 drugs in USA* (PDF 443 kb)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Cavalla, D. APT drug R&D: the right active ingredient in the right presentation for the right therapeutic use. Nat Rev Drug Discov 8, 849–853 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1038/nrd2981

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nrd2981

This article is cited by

Search

Quick links

Nature Briefing

Sign up for the Nature Briefing newsletter — what matters in science, free to your inbox daily.

Get the most important science stories of the day, free in your inbox. Sign up for Nature Briefing