Abstract
Fifty years ago, the determination of the structure of DNA sparked a genetic revolution. Here, I give a personal perspective of the challenges involved in the development of the first biological therapeutic resulting from this revolution: recombinant human insulin.
This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution
Access options
Subscribe to this journal
Receive 12 print issues and online access
$209.00 per year
only $17.42 per issue
Rent or buy this article
Prices vary by article type
from$1.95
to$39.95
Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout

Acknowledgements
I am fond of telling my closest friends that I have had two great loves in my life. One is biomedical research, and the other is my wife of fifty-four years, Alwyn. I wish to acknowledge her love and support during all of these years. At Eli Lilly I wish to acknowledge the following associates in this project: Drs J. Paul Burnett, Ronald Chance, David Dennen, Richard DiMarchi, Alan Dinner, Bruce Frank, John Galloway, John Marsden, Max Marsh, William L. Muth, Eldon Shuey, Edward Smithwick, and Mr John Keho, and their associates.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Related links
Related links
DATABASES
LocusLink
FURTHER INFORMATION
Encyclopedia of Life Sciences
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Johnson, I. The trials and tribulations of producing the first genetically engineered drug. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2, 747–751 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1038/nrd1179
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nrd1179
This article is cited by
-
Characterizing biological products and assessing comparability following manufacturing changes
Nature Biotechnology (2004)