Inducing brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis is an attractive approach to treat obesity. Here, Li et al. report that postprandial circulating levels of the intestinal hormone secretin are increased and bind to secretin receptors in BAT, activating UCP-1-dependent BAT thermogenesis, which is sensed by the brain to promote satiation. In diet-induced obese mice, chronic secretin infusion transiently increased energy expenditure at thermoneutrality. In humans, increasing serum secretin levels by single-meal ingestion or secretin infusion, stimulated BAT thermogenesis.