Population screening for peripheral artery disease (PAD) and hypertension, in addition to established screening for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), can reduce the risk of death, according to data from the VIVA study. A total of 50,156 men aged 65–74 years in the Central Denmark region were randomly assigned to screening for AAA, hypertension, and PAD or to no screening. Individuals found to have AAA or PAD were initiated on appropriate therapy; participants with suspected hypertension were referred to their general practitioner. After follow-up (median 4.4 years), all-cause mortality was 10.2% in the screening group and 10.8% in the nonscreening group (HR 0.93, 95% CI 0.88–0.98, P = 0.01). In an accompanying editorial, Chadi Ayoub and Hassan Murad find the results “thought-provoking”, but note that various criteria must be fulfilled before deciding “whether screening should be implemented or scarce resources should be directed at individuals with increased risk”.