The physical properties of ice are governed by its tetrahedral network of hydrogen bonds and the ice rules that determine the distribution of the protons. Deviations from the tetrahedral structure and violations of these rules can lead to surprising phenomena, such as the ferroelectric state now reported for thin films of epitaxial ice.
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Ryzhkin, I. Not obeying the rules. Nature Phys 12, 996–997 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1038/nphys3853
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nphys3853
