Femtosecond pulses from X-ray free-electron lasers offer a powerful method for studying charged collective excitations in materials, and provide a potential route to identifying bosonic quasiparticles in condensed-matter systems.
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Abbamonte, P. Picking up fine vibrations. Nature Phys 9, 759–760 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1038/nphys2832
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nphys2832