Abstract
An electrical pulse E(t) is defined completely by its time-dependent amplitude and polarization direction. For optical pulses the manipulation and characterization of the light polarization state is fundamental because of its relevance in several scientific and technological fields. In this work, we demonstrate the complete temporal reconstruction of the electric field of few-cycle pulses with a complex time-dependent polarization. Our experimental approach is based on extreme ultraviolet interferometry with isolated attosecond pulses and on the demonstration that the motion of an attosecond electron wave packet is sensitive to perturbing fields only along the direction of its motion. By exploiting the sensitivity of interferometric techniques and by controlling the emission and acceleration direction of the wave packet, pulses with energies as low as a few hundreds of nanojoules can be reconstructed. Our approach reveals the possibility to characterize completely the electric field of the pulses typically used in visible pump–probe spectroscopy.
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Change history
29 June 2017
In the version of this Article originally published, the following sentences were missing from the Acknowledgements: "Financial support by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation (Project Tirinto) and the Italian Ministry of Research (project FIRB no. RBID08CRXK) is gratefully acknowledged. A.C. acknowledges financial support from ENS Paris-Saclay." These have now been added in the online versions of the Article.
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Acknowledgements
This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement no. 641789 Molecular Electron Dynamics investigated by Intense Fields and Attosecond Pulses (MEDEA), the European Research Council Starting Grant agreement no. 637756 Steering attosecond electron dynamics in biomolecules with UV-XUV LIGHT pulses (STARLIGHT). Financial support by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation (Project Tirinto) and the Italian Ministry of Research (project FIRB no. RBID08CRXK) is gratefully acknowledged. A.C. acknowledges financial support from ENS Paris-Saclay. G.G.P. acknowledges support from the German Science Foundation (PA 730/7 within priority programme 1840).
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P.C., M.R. and G.S. conceived and planned the experiment. P.C., M.R. and H.A. conducted the experiment. M.R. and A.C. analysed the data. S.K., F.C. and M.N. contributed to the development of the experimental set-up. L.P. and F.F. designed and installed the XUV beamline. D.H. and G.G.P. designed and installed the CE phase meter. J.U., C.D.S. and R.M. designed and installed the reaction microscope. G.S. performed the simulations and theoretical analysis. The manuscript was drafted by G.S. and completed in consultation with all the authors.
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Carpeggiani, P., Reduzzi, M., Comby, A. et al. Vectorial optical field reconstruction by attosecond spatial interferometry. Nature Photon 11, 383–389 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1038/nphoton.2017.73
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nphoton.2017.73
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