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  • Review Article
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Advances in quantum metrology

Nature Photonics volume 5, pages 222–229 (2011)Cite this article

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Abstract

The statistical error in any estimation can be reduced by repeating the measurement and averaging the results. The central limit theorem implies that the reduction is proportional to the square root of the number of repetitions. Quantum metrology is the use of quantum techniques such as entanglement to yield higher statistical precision than purely classical approaches. In this Review, we analyse some of the most promising recent developments of this research field and point out some of the new experiments. We then look at one of the major new trends of the field: analyses of the effects of noise and experimental imperfections.

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Figure 1: Ramsey interferometry.
Figure 2: Schematic representation of parallel estimation strategies.
Figure 3: Sequential strategies.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. NEST, Scuola Normale Superiore and Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR, piazza dei Cavalieri 7, Pisa, I-56126, Italy

    Vittorio Giovannetti

  2. Research Lab of Electronics and Deptartment of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, 02139, Massachusetts, USA

    Seth Lloyd

  3. Dip. Fisica 'A. Volta', INFN Sezione di Pavia, University of Pavia, via Bassi 6, Pavia, I-27100, Italy

    Lorenzo Maccone

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Giovannetti, V., Lloyd, S. & Maccone, L. Advances in quantum metrology. Nature Photon 5, 222–229 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1038/nphoton.2011.35

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