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Carbon-nanotube photonics and optoelectronics

Nature Photonics volume 2, pages 341–350 (2008)Cite this article

Abstract

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are nearly ideal one-dimensional (1D) systems, with diameters of only 1–3 nm and lengths that can be on the scale of centimetres. Depending on the arrangement of the carbon-atom honeycomb structure with respect to their axis, CNTs can be direct bandgap semiconductors, or metals with nearly ballistic conduction. The excited states of semiconducting CNTs can be produced by either optical or electrical means and form strongly bound (with dissociation energies of around 0.5 eV), luminescent, 1D excitons. The single-atomic-layer structure makes the optical properties of CNTs especially sensitive to their environment and external fields, and this can be used to tune them. Here we review the nature and properties of CNT excited states, the optical and electrical mechanisms of their production, their radiative and non-radiative modes of decay, the role of external electric fields, and their possible technological use as nanometre-scale light sources, photodetectors and photovoltaic devices.

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Figure 1: Effect of an external field on CNT excitons.

© 2007 ACS

Figure 2: Infrared emission from an ambipolar CNT-FET.
Figure 3: Unipolar infrared emission from CNT-FETs.

© 2006 ACS © 2006 WILEY

Figure 4: Photovoltage microscopy.

© 2007 AIP

Figure 5: Switching action of the Schottky barrier region in an ambipolar CNT.

© 2007 ACS

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  1. IBM T. J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, 10598, New York, USA

    Phaedon Avouris, Marcus Freitag & Vasili Perebeinos

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Avouris, P., Freitag, M. & Perebeinos, V. Carbon-nanotube photonics and optoelectronics. Nature Photon 2, 341–350 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1038/nphoton.2008.94

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