By using lanthanide-doped upconversion nanoparticles, fibre-optic sensors can display sensitivities several orders of magnitude greater than those of existing fluorescent techniques.
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Zhang, Y., Liu, X. Shining a light on upconversion. Nature Nanotech 8, 702–703 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2013.199
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2013.199
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