A nanoscale superconducting device in which the flow of heat can be switched on and off by a gate voltage — a heat transistor — has been demonstrated at temperatures close to absolute zero.
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De Franceschi, S., Mingo, N. Cooling electrons one by one. Nature Nanotech 2, 538–539 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2007.284
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2007.284