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Self-adjusted synthesis of ordered stable mesoporous minerals by acid–base pairs

Nature Materials volume 2, pages 159–163 (2003)Cite this article

Abstract

Although the chemical diversity of ordered composite mesoporous materials has been expanding during the past decade1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13, progress has been limited by the need for a general synthetic approach that is predictive and makes use of well developed fundamental chemical principles. Researchers have previously used the interaction of organic–inorganic (OI) species that are present during the nucleation of the composite phase, and several synthesis pathways, such as direct surfactant–inorganic interaction (S+I−, S−I+, S0I0) and mediated interaction (S+X−I+, S−X+I−), have been proposed2,3. Here we describe a new perspective in which the self-adjusted inorganic–inorganic (II) interplay between two or more inorganic precursors is guided by acid–base chemistry considerations, and in this simple way we produce an overall 'framework' for the sophisticated combination of synergic inorganic acid–base precursor pairs. We propose several new routes and demonstrate their versatility and validity through the successful syntheses of a wide variety of highly ordered, large-pore, homogeneous, stable and multicomponent mesostructured minerals, including metal phosphates and metal borates, as well as various metal oxides and mixed metal oxides. We show that the highly ordered mesostructured metal phosphates can be moulded into morphologies of choice, and that they show interesting physicochemical properties.

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Figure 1: General scheme of the 'acid–base pair' concept and guided synthetic routes for mesoporous minerals.
Figure 2: XRD patterns of representative calcined (except for the lamellar mesophase) mesoporous metal phosphates.
Figure 3: TEM images.
Figure 4: Designer morphologies.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant nos 29925309, 20233030 and 20173012), Shanghai Nanotechnology Center (0152nm029, 0212nm043), State Key Basic Research Program of PR China (2002AA321010, G2000048001 and 2001CB610505) and Graduate Funds of Fudan University. G.D.S. thanks the US National Science Foundation for support under the MRL Program, award no. DMR-0080034. B.Z.T. and D.Y.Z. thank H. H. He, Z. Y. Jiang, Q. Z. Li, M. J. Yuan, H. F. Yang, H. W. Jiang, H. Y. Chen, Y. Huang, Q. Wu, F. Q. Zhang and J. X. Chen for experimental and characterization assistance.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials Laboratory, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China

    Bozhi Tian, Xiaoying Liu, Bo Tu, Chengzhong Yu, Jie Fan, Limin Wang, Songhai Xie & Dongyuan Zhao

  2. Department of Chemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, 93106, California, USA

    Galen D. Stucky

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Correspondence to Dongyuan Zhao.

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Tian, B., Liu, X., Tu, B. et al. Self-adjusted synthesis of ordered stable mesoporous minerals by acid–base pairs. Nature Mater 2, 159–163 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat838

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