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The development of grain-orientation-dependent residual stressess in a cyclically deformed alloy

Nature Materials volume 2, pages 101–106 (2003)Cite this article

Abstract

There have been numerous efforts to understand and control the resistance of materials to fracture by repeated or cyclic stresses. The micromechanical behaviours, particularly the distributions of stresses on the scale of grain size during or after mechanical or electrical fatigue, are crucial to a full understanding of the damage mechanisms in these materials. Whether a large microstress develops during cyclic deformation with a small amount of monotonic strain but a large amount of accumulated strain remains an open question. Here, we report a neutron diffraction investigation of the development of intergranular stresses, which vary as a function of grain orientations, in 316 stainless steel during high-cycle fatigue. We found that a large intergranular stress developed before cracks started to appear. With further increase of fatigue cycles, the intergranular stress decreased, while the elastic intragranular stored energy continued to grow. One implication of our findings is that the ratio between the intergranular and intragranular stored energies during various stages of fatigue deformation may validate the damage mechanism and can be used as a fingerprint for monitoring the state of fatigue damage in materials.

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Figure 1: Lattice strain distributions in the 316 stainless steel obtained with {111}, {200}, and {220} reflections as a function of tilt angle relative to the loading direction (LD) at different stages of fatigue.
Figure 2: Distributions of residual stresses for various grain orientations in the cyclically deformed 316 stainless steel presented in the form of inverse pole figures.
Figure 3: Evolution of intergranular and intragranular stored energies as a function of fatigue cycles.
Figure 4: The determination of strain pole figures with a pulsed neutron source.

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Acknowledgements

We thank E. Maxey for assistance in the experiment. This research was sponsored by the US Department of Energy, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, under Contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 with Oak Ridge National Laboratory managed by UT-Battelle. The neutron diffraction work has benefitted from the use of the Intense Pulsed Neutron Source at Argonne National Laboratory, which is funded by the US Department of Energy, BES-Materials Science, under Contract No. W-31-109-ENG-38. This research was also supported in part by an appointment to the Oak Ridge National Laboratory Postdoctoral Research Associates Program administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, and by the US National Science Foundation, the Combined Research and Curriculum Development (CRCD) Program, under EEC-9527527, with M. Poats as the contract monitor, and the Integrative Graduate Education and Research Training (IGERT) Program, under DGE-9987548, with W. Jennings and L. Goldberg as contract monitors. HT and PKL thank L. Mansur and J. Strizak of the Oak Ridge National Laboratory for their kind support of HT's Ph.D. thesis research related to fatigue behaviour of Type 316 stainless steel for the application of the target container materials of the Spallation Neutron Source.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Spallation Neutron Source, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, 37830, Tennessee, USA

    Yan-Dong Wang, Alexandru D. Stoica & Xun-Li Wang

  2. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, 37996-2200, Tennessee, USA

    Hongbo Tian & Peter K. Liaw

  3. Metals and Ceramics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, 37831, Tennessee, USA

    Xun-Li Wang

  4. Intense Pulsed Neutron Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, 60439, Illinois, USA

    James W. Richardson

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  1. Yan-Dong Wang
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Correspondence to Yan-Dong Wang or Xun-Li Wang.

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Wang, YD., Tian, H., Stoica, A. et al. The development of grain-orientation-dependent residual stressess in a cyclically deformed alloy. Nature Mater 2, 101–106 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat812

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