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Quantum materials discovery from a synthesis perspective

Nature Materials volume 16, pages 1068–1076 (2017)Cite this article

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Abstract

The synthesis of bulk crystals, thin films and nanostructures plays a seminal role in expanding the frontiers of quantum materials. Crystal growers accomplish this by creating materials aimed at harnessing the complex interplay between quantum wavefunctions and various factors such as dimensionality, topology, Coulomb interactions and symmetry. This Review provides a synthesis perspective on how this discovery of quantum materials takes place. After introducing the general paradigms that arise in this context, we provide a few examples to illustrate how thin-film growers in particular exploit quantum confinement, topology, disorder and interfacial heterogeneity to realize new quantum materials.

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Figure 1: Different approaches to the synthesis of quantum materials, and their characteristic impact.
Figure 2: The development of ultrahigh-mobility 2DEGs.
Figure 3: MBE growth of bi-chalcogenide topological insulator films.
Figure 4: Structure, electrical transport and scanning SQUID imaging of a quantum anomalous Hall insulator (Cr-doped (Bi,Sb)2Te3).
Figure 5: Emergent high-temperature superconductivity at the SrTiO3/FeSe interface.

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Acknowledgements

The author thanks A. Richardella and J. Kally for the unpublished atomic force microscopy and transmission electron microscopy data shown in this Review. This work is supported by the Pennsylvania State University 2D Crystal Consortium—Materials Innovation Platform (2DCC-MIP), funded through National Science Foundation Cooperative Agreement DMR-1539916. The author also acknowledges support from the National Science Foundation (DMR-1306510), the Office of Naval Research (N00014-15-1-2370, N00014-15-1-2675), the Army Research Office Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative (W911NF-12-1-0461) and C-SPIN, one of six centres of STARnet, a Semiconductor Research Corporation programme, sponsored by MARCO and DARPA.

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    Nitin Samarth

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Samarth, N. Quantum materials discovery from a synthesis perspective. Nature Mater 16, 1068–1076 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat5010

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