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Observation of shell effects in superconducting nanoparticles of Sn

Nature Materials volume 9, pages 550–554 (2010)Cite this article

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Abstract

In a zero-dimensional superconductor, quantum size effects1,2 (QSE) not only set the limit to superconductivity, but are also at the heart of new phenomena such as shell effects, which have been predicted to result in large enhancements of the superconducting energy gap3,4,5,6. Here, we experimentally demonstrate these QSE through measurements on single, isolated Pb and Sn nanoparticles. In both systems superconductivity is ultimately quenched at sizes governed by the dominance of the quantum fluctuations of the order parameter. However, before the destruction of superconductivity, in Sn nanoparticles we observe giant oscillations in the superconducting energy gap with particle size leading to enhancements as large as 60%. These oscillations are the first experimental proof of coherent shell effects in nanoscale superconductors. Contrarily, we observe no such oscillations in the gap for Pb nanoparticles, which is ascribed to the suppression of shell effects for shorter coherence lengths. Our study paves the way to exploit QSE in boosting superconductivity in low-dimensional systems.

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Figure 1: Schematic of shell effects.
Figure 2: Experimental configuration and low-temperature superconducting properties of single, isolated Pb and Sn nanoparticles: observation of shell effects.
Figure 3: Comparison of experimental results with theoretical calculations obtained from finite-size corrections to the BCS model.

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Acknowledgements

We thank K. Richter and M. Ternes for critically reading the manuscript. S.B. thanks the Alexander von Humboldt foundation and I.B. the Marie Curie action for support. A.M.G.G. acknowledges financial support from the Spanish DGI through project no. FIS2007-62238.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Nanoscale Science Department, Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstrasse 1, Stuttgart, D-70569, Germany

    Sangita Bose, Miguel M. Ugeda, Christian H. Michaelis, Ivan Brihuega & Klaus Kern

  2. CFIF, Instituto Superior Técnico, UTL, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal

    Antonio M. García-García

  3. Univ. Autonoma Madrid, Dept. Fis. Mat. Condensada, E-28049 Madrid, Spain

    Miguel M. Ugeda & Ivan Brihuega

  4. Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany

    Juan D. Urbina

  5. Institut de Physique de la Matière Condensée, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland

    Klaus Kern

Authors
  1. Sangita Bose
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  2. Antonio M. García-García
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  3. Miguel M. Ugeda
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  4. Juan D. Urbina
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  7. Klaus Kern
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Contributions

S.B., I.B. and K.K. designed the research. S.B. and I.B. carried out the experiments supervised by K.K.; A.M.G.G. and J.D.U. provided the theoretical support. M.M.U. and C.H.M. helped in the experiments. S.B. and I.B. analysed the data. The letter was written by S.B. and A.M.G.G. All authors contributed to the scientific discussion and revised the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Sangita Bose, Antonio M. García-García or Ivan Brihuega.

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The authors declare no competing financial interests.

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Bose, S., García-García, A., Ugeda, M. et al. Observation of shell effects in superconducting nanoparticles of Sn. Nature Mater 9, 550–554 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat2768

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