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Bulk superconductivity at 38 K in a molecular system

Nature Materials volume 7, pages 367–371 (2008)Cite this article

Abstract

C60-based solids1 are archetypal molecular superconductors with transition temperatures (Tc) as high as 33 K (refs 2–4). Tc of face-centred-cubic (f.c.c.) A3C60 (A=alkali metal) increases monotonically with inter C60 separation, which is controlled by the A+ cation size. As Cs+ is the largest such ion, Cs3C60 is a key material in this family. Previous studies revealing trace superconductivity in CsxC60 materials have not identified the structure or composition of the superconducting phase owing to extremely small shielding fractions and low crystallinity. Here, we show that superconducting Cs3C60 can be reproducibly isolated by solvent-controlled synthesis and has the highest Tc of any molecular material at 38 K. In contrast to other A3C60 materials, two distinct cubic Cs3C60 structures are accessible. Although f.c.c. Cs3C60 can be synthesized, the superconducting phase has the A15 structure based uniquely among fullerides on body-centred-cubic packing. Application of hydrostatic pressure controllably tunes A15 Cs3C60 from insulating at ambient pressure to superconducting without crystal structure change and reveals a broad maximum in Tc at ∼7 kbar. We attribute the observed Tc maximum as a function of inter C60separation—unprecedented in fullerides but reminiscent of the atom-based cuprate superconductors—to the role of strong electronic correlations near the metal–insulator transition onset.

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Figure 1: Candidate crystal structures for Cs3C60.
Figure 2: Superconductivity under pressure in A15 Cs3C60.
Figure 3: Structural characterization of A15 Cs3C60.
Figure 4: Superconducting transition temperature, Tc, as a function of volume occupied per fulleride anion, V, at ambient temperature.

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Acknowledgements

We thank EPSRC for financial support under EP/C511794 and GR/S77820 and for access to the synchrotron X-ray facilities at the SRS (where we thank A. Lennie and M. A. Roberts for assistance on stations 9.5 and 9.1) and the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (where we thank A. N. Fitch, W. van Beek and D. Papanikolaou for assistance on beamlines ID31 and BM1).

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Author notes

  1. Alexey Y. Ganin and Yasuhiro Takabayashi: These authors contributed equally to this work

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, UK

    Alexey Y. Ganin, Yaroslav Z. Khimyak & Matthew J. Rosseinsky

  2. Department of Chemistry, University of Durham, Durham DH1 3LE, UK

    Yasuhiro Takabayashi & Kosmas Prassides

  3. School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JJ, UK

    Serena Margadonna & Anna Tamai

Authors
  1. Alexey Y. Ganin
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  2. Yasuhiro Takabayashi
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  3. Yaroslav Z. Khimyak
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  4. Serena Margadonna
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  5. Anna Tamai
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  6. Matthew J. Rosseinsky
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  7. Kosmas Prassides
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Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Matthew J. Rosseinsky or Kosmas Prassides.

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Supplementary Information

Supplementary Scheme S1,S2, Supplementary Table S1–S2 and Supplementary Figures S1–S6 (PDF 2387 kb)

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Ganin, A., Takabayashi, Y., Khimyak, Y. et al. Bulk superconductivity at 38 K in a molecular system. Nature Mater 7, 367–371 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat2179

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