Breast cancer patients who respond to tamoxifen and other estrogen-antagonizing drugs can succumb to disease when cancer growth becomes independent of the hormone. One protein, Efp, that might have a role in estrogen independence has now been linked to proteolytic events in the cell cycle.
This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution
Access options
Subscribe to this journal
Receive 12 print issues and online access
$209.00 per year
only $17.42 per issue
Rent or buy this article
Prices vary by article type
from$1.95
to$39.95
Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout
References
Urano, T. et al. Estrogen-responsive RING finger protein efp targets 13-3-3σ ubiquitination and promotes tumor growth of breast cancer. Nature 417, 871–875 (2002).
The ubiquitin system. Hershko, A. & Ciechanover, A. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 67, 425–479 (1998).
Koepp, D.M., Harper, J.W. & Elledge, S.J. How the cyclin became a cyclin: Regulated proteolysis in the cell cycle. Cell 97, 431–434 (1999).
Joazeiro, C.A. & Weissman, A.M. . RING finger proteins: Mediators of ubiquitin ligase activity. Cell 102, 549–552 (2000).
Jackson, P.K., Eldridge, A.G., Freed, E, Furstenthal L., Hsu, J.Y., Kaiser. B.K., & Reimann, J.D. The lore of the RINGs: Substrate recognition and catalysis by ubiquitin ligases. Trends Cell. Biol. 10, 429–439 (2000).
McKenna, N.J. & O'Malley, B.W. An issue of tissues: Divining the split personalities of selective estrogen receptor modulators. Nature Med. 6, 960–962 (2000).
Hermeking H. et al. 14-3-3σ is a p53-regulated inhibitor of G2/M progression. Mol. Cell 1, 3–11 (1997).
Chan, T.A., et al. 14-3-3σ is required to prevent mitotic catastrophe after DNA damage. Nature 401, 616–620 (1999).
Gasco, M. et al. Coincident inactivation of 14-3-3σ and p16INK4a is an early event in vulval squamous neoplasia. Oncogene 21, 1876–1881 (2002).
Gasco, M. et al. Epigenetic inactivation of 14-3-3σ in oral carcinoma: Association with p16(INK4a) silencing and human papillomavirus negativity. Cancer Res. 62, 2072–2076 (2002).
Ikeda, K., Orimo, A., Higashi, Y., Muramatsu, M. & Inoue, S. Efp as a primary estrogen-responsive gene in human breast cancer. FEBS Lett. 472, 9–13 (2000).
Thomson, S.D. et al. Analysis of estrogen-responsive finger protein expression in benign and malignant human breast. Int. J. Cancer 91, 152–158 (2001).
Hondermarck, H. et al. Proteomics of breast cancer for marker discovery and signal pathway profiling. Proteomics 1, 1216–1232 (2001).
Chan, T.A., Hwang P.M., Hermeking H., Kinzler K.W. & Vogelstein B. Cooperative effects of genes controlling the G(2)/M checkpoint. Genes Dev. 14, 1584–1588 (2000).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Nalepa, G., Harper, J. Efp: A ring of independence?. Nat Med 8, 661–662 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1038/nm0702-661
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nm0702-661