Minority enrolment in natural-sciences doctoral and master's programmes has fallen by 19% in California, Florida, Texas and Washington following bans on affirmative action in admissions, says a study (L. M. Garces Am. Educ. Res. J. http://doi.org/kb9; 2013). Liliana Garces, who studies higher education at the George Washington University in Washington DC, examined enrolment data from 118 graduate institutions, including 33 in the target states. “Students may be receiving a message that they're not welcome,” she says.