Characterization of the interaction between purified Spätzle and Toll shows that cleaved Spätzle dimers directly bind Toll and trigger intracellular signaling.
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Underhill, D. Toll gets tied in a knot. Nat Immunol 4, 723–724 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1038/ni0803-723
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/ni0803-723