The MAP3K kinases are thought to mediate signaling 'downstream' of the Toll-like receptors. Analysis of the MAP3K ASK1 demonstrates additional complexity in Toll-like receptor signaling pathways involving reactive oxygen species.
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Su, B. Linking stress to immunity?. Nat Immunol 6, 541–542 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1038/ni0605-541
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/ni0605-541
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