Remodeling of chromatin, distinct from activation of NF-κB, is a newly identified function of Toll-like receptors in mammals. In Drosophila , Toll receptors play a role in development as well as immunity; yet in mammals, they have an immunological role only. Further clues to the evolutionary development of the Toll receptors are emerging.
This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution
Access options
Subscribe to this journal
Receive 12 print issues and online access
$209.00 per year
only $17.42 per issue
Buy this article
- Purchase on Springer Link
- Instant access to full article PDF
Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout
References
Adams, M. D. et al. Science 287, 2185– 2195 (2000).
Rubin, G. M. et al. Science 287, 2204– 2215 (2000).
Weinman, A. S. et al. Nature Immunol. 2, 51– 57 (2001).
Belvin, M. P. & Anderson, K. V. Annu. Rev. Cell Dev. Biol. 12, 393–416 (1996).
Lemaitre, B., Nicolas, E., Michaut, L., Reichhart, J. M. & Hoffmann, J. A. Cell 86, 973– 983 (1996).
Rutschmann, S. et al. Nature Immunol. 1 342– 347 (2000).
Gay, N. J. & Keith, F. J. Nature 351, 355–356 (1991).
Medzhitov, R., Preston-Hurlburt, P. & Janeway, C. A. Jr Nature 388, 394–397 (1997).
Rock, F. L., Hardiman, G., Timans, J. C., Kastelein, R. A. & Bazan, J. F. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 95, 588–593 (1998).
Poltorak, A. et al. Science 282, 2085– 2088 (1998).
Takeuchi, O. et al. Immunity 11, 443–451 (1999).
Hemmi, H. et al. Nature 408, 740–745 (2000).
Kuhns, D. B., Long Priel, D. A. & Gallin, J. I. J. Immunol. 158, 3959– 3964 (1997).
Poltorak, A., Ricciardi-Castagnoli, P., Citterio, A. & Beutler, B. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 97, 2163– 2167 (2000).
Lien, E. et al. J. Clin. Invest. 105, 497– 504 (2000).
Du, X., Poltorak, A., Wei, Y. & Beutler, B. Eur. Cytok. Netw. 11, 362–371 ( 2000).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Beutler, B., Poltorak, A. Toll we meet again . . .. Nat Immunol 2, 9–10 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1038/83222
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/83222
This article is cited by
-
Macrophage-microbe interaction: lessons learned from the pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Seminars in Immunopathology (2018)
-
Ready, steady, go!
Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology (2001)