Humans deficient in the adaptor MyD88 or the kinase IRAK4 suffer from primary immunodeficiency. Blood cells from these patients show defective induction of specific subsets of genes after exposure to microbial stimuli in vitro.
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Tough, D. Systematic analysis of immunodeficiency. Nat Immunol 15, 1097–1098 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1038/ni.3029
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/ni.3029