Bacterial cyclic dinucleotides are recognized by the innate immune system, and this leads to the induction of type I interferons. The mammalian helicase DDX41 directly binds cyclic dinucleotides and mediates the signaling pathway to the induction of type I interferons.
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Bowie, A. Innate sensing of bacterial cyclic dinucleotides: more than just STING. Nat Immunol 13, 1137–1139 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1038/ni.2469
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/ni.2469
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