Abstract
Balanced production of type I interferons and proinflammatory cytokines after engagement of Toll-like receptors (TLRs), which signal through adaptors containing a Toll–interleukin 1 receptor (TIR) domain, such as MyD88 and TRIF, has been proposed to control the pathogenesis of autoimmune disease and tumor responses to inflammation. Here we show that TRAF3, a ubiquitin ligase that interacts with both MyD88 and TRIF, regulated the production of interferon and proinflammatory cytokines in different ways. Degradative ubiquitination of TRAF3 during MyD88-dependent TLR signaling was essential for the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and production of inflammatory cytokines. In contrast, TRIF-dependent signaling triggered noncanonical TRAF3 self-ubiquitination that activated the interferon response. Inhibition of degradative ubiquitination of TRAF3 prevented the expression of all proinflammatory cytokines without affecting the interferon response.
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Acknowledgements
We thank H. Ichijo (University of Tokyo) for providing A.M. with space and support for some of this work described above; S. Akira (Osaka University) for Myd88−/− mice; B. Beutler (Scripps Research Institute) for TrifLps2/Lps2 mice; R. Fonseca (Mayo Clinic) for multiple myeloma cells; X. Wang (University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center) for SM; H. Wang (St. Jude Children's Research Hospital) for generating monoclonal antibody HWA4C4, specific for K63-linked ubiquitin; I. Verma (Salk Institute) for pLV-CMV-delta 8.2; and Millipore for the antibody to K48-linked polyubiquitin. Supported by the National Institutes of Health (AI043477 to M.K. and AI52199 to D.A.A.V.), the American Cancer Society (M.K.), the American Lung Association of California (P.-H.T.), the Global Center of Excellence program (A.M.), the Toyobo Biotechnology Foundation (T.M.), the National Cancer Institute (CA21765 to D.A.A.V.) and the American Lebanese Syrian Associated Charities (D.A.A.V.).
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P.-H.T. and M.K. planned and designed all experiments and wrote the manuscript; P.-H.T. and A.M. did most experiments; W.Z. and T.M. helped with cell cultures, TRAF3 mutants and immunoprecipitation experiments; and D.A.A.V. provided the HWA4C4 K63-specific antibody to ubiquitin.
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Tseng, PH., Matsuzawa, A., Zhang, W. et al. Different modes of ubiquitination of the adaptor TRAF3 selectively activate the expression of type I interferons and proinflammatory cytokines. Nat Immunol 11, 70–75 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1038/ni.1819
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/ni.1819
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