Stunning images of fjords are familiar to geologists, but their origins are less well known. A simple model suggests that topographic steering of ice and erosion proportional to ice discharge are sufficient to explain fjord formation during the Quaternary period.
This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution
Access options
Subscribe to this journal
Receive 12 print issues and online access
$259.00 per year
only $21.58 per issue
Buy this article
- Purchase on Springer Link
- Instant access to full article PDF
Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout
References
Sugden, D. E. J. Glaciol. 83, 367–391 (1978).
Kessler, M.A., Anderson, R.S. & Briner, J.P. Nature Geosci. 10.1038/ngeo201 (2008).
Lidmar-Bergström, K., Näslund, J-O, Ebert, K., Neubeck, T. & Bonow, J.-M. Norw. J. Geol. 87, 181–196 (2007).
Shackleton, N.J. et al. Nature 307, 620–623 (1984).
Boulton, G.S. J. Glaciol. 23, 15–37 (1979).
Hallet, B., Hunter, L. & Bogen, J. Global Planet. Change 12, 213–235 (1996).
Nesje, A. & Whillans, I.M. Geomorphology 9, 33–45 (1994).
Kleman, J. & Stroeven, A.P. Geomorphology 19, 35–54 (1997).
Fabel, D. et al. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 6266, 1–10 (2002).
Briner, J.P., Miller, G.H., Davis, P.T. & Finkel, R.C. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 118, 406–420 (2006).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kleman, J. Where glaciers cut deep. Nature Geosci 1, 343–344 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo210
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo210
