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Hereditary parkinsonism with dementia is caused by mutations in ATP13A2, encoding a lysosomal type 5 P-type ATPase

Nature Genetics volume 38, pages 1184–1191 (2006)Cite this article

Abstract

Neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson and Alzheimer disease cause motor and cognitive dysfunction and belong to a heterogeneous group of common and disabling disorders1. Although the complex molecular pathophysiology of neurodegeneration is largely unknown, major advances have been achieved by elucidating the genetic defects underlying mendelian forms of these diseases2. This has led to the discovery of common pathophysiological pathways such as enhanced oxidative stress, protein misfolding and aggregation and dysfunction of the ubiquitin-proteasome system3,4,5,6. Here, we describe loss-of-function mutations in a previously uncharacterized, predominantly neuronal P-type ATPase gene, ATP13A2, underlying an autosomal recessive form of early-onset parkinsonism with pyramidal degeneration and dementia (PARK9, Kufor-Rakeb syndrome7,8). Whereas the wild-type protein was located in the lysosome of transiently transfected cells, the unstable truncated mutants were retained in the endoplasmic reticulum and degraded by the proteasome. Our findings link a class of proteins with unknown function and substrate specificity9 to the protein networks implicated in neurodegeneration and parkinsonism.

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Figure 1: Haplotype analysis of the KRS-locus on chromosome 1p in the Chilean family.
Figure 2: ATP13A2 mutations in individuals with KRS and their predicted effect on the protein structure.
Figure 3: Expression analysis of ATP13A2.
Figure 4: Expression analysis of ATP13A2 mRNA levels in post-mortem brain samples of patients with idiopathic Parkinson disease and control individuals.
Figure 5: Subcellular localization of ATP13A2-WT and KRS-mutants in transiently transfected COS7 cells by immunofluorescence.
Figure 6: Protein blot analysis of ATP13A2 WT and mutant V5-tagged constructs in transiently transfected COS7 cells.

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Acknowledgements

We thank E. Erxlebe and A. Cardenas for technical assistance, D. Isbrandt for help with the Agilent analysis and the families for their cooperation. Human brain samples were obtained from BrainNet (GA28). The antibody to H4B4 was obtained from the Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank developed under the auspices of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) and maintained by The University of Iowa Department of Biological Sciences. This study was supported by a grant of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) to C.K. and grants from the Royal Society, the Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) (NGFN-2) and the Hertie Foundation to B.L. and J.R. C.G.W. is supported by the Wellcome Trust. CECS is a Millennium Science Institute and is funded in part by grants from Fundación Andes, the Tinker Foundation and Empresas Compañía Manufacturera de Papeles y Cartones (CMPC).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Human Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, 50931, Germany

    Alfredo Ramirez, André Heimbach, Barbara Stiller, Ingrid Goebel & Christian Kubisch

  2. Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, 50931, Germany

    Alfredo Ramirez, André Heimbach, Barbara Stiller, Ingrid Goebel & Christian Kubisch

  3. Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, 50931, Germany

    Alfredo Ramirez, André Heimbach, Barbara Stiller, Ingrid Goebel & Christian Kubisch

  4. Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, 53111, Germany

    Alfredo Ramirez, Ingrid Goebel, Axel M Hillmer & Christian Kubisch

  5. Institute of Physiology, University of Marburg, Marburg, 35037, Germany

    Jan Gründemann, Jochen Roeper & Birgit Liss

  6. Molecular Medicine Unit, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK

    Dan Hampshire

  7. Centro de Estudios Científicos (CECS), Valdivia, 509-9100, Chile

    L Pablo Cid

  8. Neurology Department, King Hussein Medical Centre, Amman, 11947, Jordan

    Ammar F Mubaidin & Abdul-Latif Wriekat

  9. Department of Neurology, Pinderfields Hospital, Wakefield, WF1 4DG, UK

    Amir Al-Din

  10. Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, 53127, Germany

    Axel M Hillmer

  11. Department of Molecular Psychiatry, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, 53127, Germany

    Meliha Karsak

  12. Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge, CB2 2QQ, UK

    C Geoffrey Woods

  13. Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of Chile, Santiago, 820-7257, Chile

    Maria I Behrens

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Correspondence to Christian Kubisch.

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Supplementary information

Supplementary Fig. 1

RNA quality and ATP13A2 mRNA levels in brain samples. (PDF 16 kb)

Supplementary Fig. 2

Control hybridization of RNA (northern) blot and dot blot membranes with β-actin. (PDF 440 kb)

Supplementary Fig. 3

Localization of tissues on the dot blot membrane. (PDF 285 kb)

Supplementary Table 1

Two-point lod scores for microsatellites in the Kufor-Rakeb region. (PDF 86 kb)

Supplementary Table 2

Primer sequences. (PDF 25 kb)

Supplementary Table 3

Features of human post-mortem midbrain samples. (PDF 16 kb)

Supplementary Note (PDF 39 kb)

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Ramirez, A., Heimbach, A., Gründemann, J. et al. Hereditary parkinsonism with dementia is caused by mutations in ATP13A2, encoding a lysosomal type 5 P-type ATPase. Nat Genet 38, 1184–1191 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1038/ng1884

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