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A functional SNP in PSMA6 confers risk of myocardial infarction in the Japanese population

Nature Genetics volume 38, pages 921–925 (2006)Cite this article

Abstract

Inflammation is now considered critical in the pathogenesis of myocardial infarction. One of the mechanisms regulating the inflammatory process is the ubiquitin-proteasome system. We investigated whether variants of the 20S proteasome are associated with susceptibility to myocardial infarction and found a common SNP (minor allele frequency of 0.35) in the proteasome subunit α type 6 gene (PSMA6) conferring risk of myocardial infarction in the Japanese population (χ2 = 21.1, P = 0.0000044, 2,592 affected individuals versus 2,851 controls). We replicated this association in another panel of myocardial infarction and control subjects, although its relevance to other ethnic groups remains to be clarified. The SNP, located in the 5′ untranslated region of exon 1 in this gene, enhanced the transcription of PSMA6. Moreover, suppression of PSMA6 expression using short interfering RNA in cultured cells reduced activation of the transcription factor NF-κB by stabilizing phosphorylated IκB. Our results implicate this PSMA6 SNP as a previously unknown genetic risk factor for myocardial infarction.

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Figure 1: Map of SNPs in the PSMA6 gene region identified by this study.
Figure 2: Function of the exon-1–8 C/G (rs1048990) SNP of PSMA6.
Figure 3: Expression levels of PSMA6 affect NF-κB activation and IκB degradation.

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Acknowledgements

We thank M. Takahashi, M. Yoshii, S. Abiko, W. Yamanobe, M. Omotezako, Y. Ariji, R. Ohishi, M. Watabe, K. Tabei and S. Manabe for their assistance and A. Suzuki and K. Kobayashi for advice on allele-specific gene expression experiments. We also thank all the other members of SNP Research Center, RIKEN and OACIS for their contribution to the completion of our study. We are also grateful to members of The Rotary Club of Osaka-Midosuji District 2660 Rotary International in Japan for supporting our study. This work was supported in part by grants from the Takeda Science Foundation, the Uehara Science Foundation and the Japanese Millennium Project.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory for Cardiovascular Diseases, SNP Research Center, The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN), 4-6-1, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan

    Kouichi Ozaki & Toshihiro Tanaka

  2. Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan

    Hiroshi Sato, Hiroya Mizuno & Masatsugu Hori

  3. Laboratory for Pharmacogenetics, SNP Research Center, The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN), 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan

    Aritoshi Iida & Yusuke Nakamura

  4. Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, SNP Research Center, The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN), 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan

    Takahiro Nakamura, Atsushi Takahashi & Naoyuki Kamatani

  5. Laboratory for Bone and Joint Disease, SNP Research Center, The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN), 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan

    Yoshinari Miyamoto & Shiro Ikegawa

  6. Laboratory for Medical Informatics, SNP Research Center, The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN), 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan

    Tatsuhiko Tsunoda

Authors
  1. Kouichi Ozaki
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Contributions

K.O. performed most of the experiments and wrote the manuscript; H.S., H.M., Y.M., S.I. and M.H. managed DNA samples and clinical information; A.I. contributed to SNP discovery; T.N., A.T., T. Tsunoda and N.K. performed the data analyses; Y.N. contributed to SNP discovery and preparation of the manuscript; T. Tanaka supervised this study.

Note: Supplementary information is available on the Nature Genetics website.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Toshihiro Tanaka.

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Competing interests

The authors declare no competing financial interests.

Supplementary information

Supplementary Table 1

Association analyses between myocardial infarction and SNPs in genes encoding 20S proteasome α and β subunits. (PDF 140 kb)

Supplementary Table 2

Pairwise LD coefficients (upper; r2; lower; D1) among SNPs in PSMA6 region. (PDF 25 kb)

Supplementary Table 3

Association analyses of haplotypes in PSMA6 region with MI. (PDF 24 kb)

Supplementary Table 4

No association of HT, smoking and past history of MI with the PSMA6 SNP. (PDF 33 kb)

Supplementary Table 5

Clinical parameters of MI patients and the PSMA6 SNP genotype. (PDF 17 kb)

Supplementary Table 6

Replication of association with the second panel. (PDF 36 kb)

Supplementary Table 7

Primer sequences used in the study. (PDF 9 kb)

Supplementary Note (PDF 13 kb)

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Ozaki, K., Sato, H., Iida, A. et al. A functional SNP in PSMA6 confers risk of myocardial infarction in the Japanese population. Nat Genet 38, 921–925 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1038/ng1846

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