Skip to main content

Thank you for visiting nature.com. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. To obtain the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in Internet Explorer). In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles and JavaScript.

  • Article
  • Published:

A human parthenogenetic chimaera

Abstract

In mice, parthenogenetic embryos die at the early postimplantation stage as a result of developmental requirements for paternally imprinted genes, particularly for formation of extraembryonic tissues. Chimaeric parthenogenetic↔normal mice are viable, however, due to non–random differences in distribution of their two cell types. Species differences in imprinting patterns in embryo and extra–embryonic tissues mean that there are uncertainties in extrapolating these experimental studies to humans. Here, however, we demonstrate that parthenogenetic chimaerism can indeed result in viable human offspring, and suggest possible mechanisms of origin for this presumably rare event.

This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution

Access options

Buy this article

Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Linder, D. & Power, J. Further evidence for post-meiotic origin of teratomas in the human female. Ann. hum. Genet. 34, 21–30 (1970).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Surani, M.A., Barton, S.C. & Morris, M.L. Development of reconstituted mouse eggs suggests imprinting of the genome during gametogenesis. Nature 308, 548–550 (1984).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. McGrath, J. & Solter, D. Completion of mouse embryogenesis requires both the maternal and paternal genomes. Cell 37, 179–183 (1984).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Stevens, L.C., Vamum, D.S. & Eicher, E.M. Viable chimaeras produced from normal and parthenogenetic mouse embryos. Nature 269, 515–517 (1977).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Surani, M.A., Barton, S.C. & Kaufman, M.H. Development to term of chimaeras between diploid parthenogenetic and fertilised embryos. Nature 270, 601–603 (1978).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Nagy, A., Sass, M. & Markkula, M. Systematic non-uniform distribution of parthenogenetic cells in adult mouse chimaeras. Development 108, 321–324 (1989).

    Google Scholar 

  7. Fundele, R., Morris, M.L., Barton, S.C., Reik, W. & Surani, M.A. Systematic elimination of parthenogenetic cells in mouse chimeras. Development 106, 29–35 (1989).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Clarke, H.J., Varmuza, S., Prideaux, V.R. & Rossant, J. The developmental potential of parthenogenetically derived cells in chimeric mouse embryos: implications for action of imprinted genes. Development 104, 175–182 (1988).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Thomson, J.A. & Solter, D. Chimeras between parthenogenetic or androgenetic blastomeres and normal embryos: allocation to the inner cell mass and trophectoderm. Dev. Biol. 131, 580–583 (1989).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Thomson, J.A. & Solter, D. The developmental fate of androgenetic, parthenogenetic, and gynogenetic cells in chimeric gastrulating mouse embryos. Genes Devel. 2, 1344–1351 (1988).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Nagy, A., Paldi, A., Dezso, L., Varga, L. & Magyar, A. Prenatal fate of parthenogenetic cells in mouse aggregation chimaeras. Development 101, 67–71 (1987).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Burk, R.D., Ma, P. & Smith, K. Characterization and evolution of a single-copy sequence from the human Y chromosome. Molec. cell. Biol. 5, 576–581 (1985).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  13. Willard, H.F., Smith, K.D. & Sutherland, J. Isolation and characterization of a major tandem repeat family from the human X chromosome. Nucl. Acids Res. 11, 2017–2033 (1983).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  14. MacDonald, M. et al. The origin of 47.XXY and 47.XXX aneuploidy: heterogeneous mechanisms and role of aberrant recombination. Hum. molec. Genet. 3, 1365–1371 (1994).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Fisher, J.M., Harvey, J.F., Morton, N.E. & Jacobs, P.A. Trisomy 18: studies of the parent and cell division of origin and the effect of aberrant recombination on nondisjunction. Am. J. hum. Genet. 56, 669–675 (1995).

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  16. Parrington, J.M., West, L.F. & Povey, S. The origin of human teratomas. J. med. Genet. 21, 4–12 (1984).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  17. Maleszewski, M. & Bielak, A. Sperm penetration in parthenogenetic mouse embryos triggers a plasma membrane block to polyspermy. Zygote 1, 237–242 (1993).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Maleszewski, M. Behavior of sperm nuclei incorporated into parthenogenetic mouse eggs prior to the first cleavage division. Molec. Reprod. Dev. 33, 215–221 (1992).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Ogawa, M. et al. Expression and function of c-Kit in fetal hemopoietic progenitor cells: transition from the early c-Kit-independent to the late c-Kit-dependent wave of hemopoiesis in the murine embryo. Devlopment 117, 1089–1098 (1993).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. McLaren, A. Sex chimaerism and germ cell distribution in a series of chimaeric mice. J. Embryol. exp. Morphol. 33, 205–216 (1975).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Ellis, N. et al. Population structure of the human pseudoautosomal boundary. Nature 344, 663–665 (1990).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Strain, L. et al. Prenatal diagnosis of fragile X syndrome: management of the male fetus with a premutation. Prenat. Diag. 14, 469–474 (1994).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Fantes, J.A. et al. Submicroscopic deletions at the WAGR locus, revealed by nonradioactive in situ hybridization. Am. J. hum. Genet. 51, 1286–1294 (1992).

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Strain, L., Warner, J., Johnston, T. et al. A human parthenogenetic chimaera. Nat Genet 11, 164–169 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1038/ng1095-164

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/ng1095-164

This article is cited by

Search

Quick links

Nature Briefing

Sign up for the Nature Briefing newsletter — what matters in science, free to your inbox daily.

Get the most important science stories of the day, free in your inbox. Sign up for Nature Briefing